Term
|
Definition
| normal flora protective gm+ mainly opportunistsbreak in skin problem natural/artificial |
|
|
Term
| most minor skin infections |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes localized systemic- toxin associated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Propionibacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. aureus- most pathogenic
S. epidermis- opportunist/implants
S. saprophyticus-opportunist/ uti
most staphs penicllin G resistant
MRSA- methicillin resistent Staph. aureus
resists all penicillins
generally
catalase pos
coagulase- S. aureus-pos
Others- neg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Localized
Folliculitis-"pimple",
furuncle-"boil",
carbuncle.
Each deeper and more damage |
|
|
Term
| Systemic( Staph infections)(Systemic) |
|
Definition
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock- fever, vomiting, rash, shock,associated super max tampons |
|
|
Term
Streptococcus
> 30 species |
|
Definition
5 most important.
esp. S. pyogenes, S. agalactiea, S. pneumonia
Chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha hemolytic-partial digestion, green brown color on blood agar.
Beta hemolytic- complete digestion, clearing of red color on blood agar.
Gamma reaction- no effect on blood agar, just grows. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antiphagocytic: M protein,
erythrogenic toxin,
DNAse, NADase, Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase, leukocidins |
|
|
Term
| S. pyogenes most important |
|
Definition
Erysipelas: high fever, bright red rash
Impetigo: crusted pustules around mouth, especially newborns.
Scarlet fever: rash |
|
|
Term
Diagnose: Pharyngitis
Swab test |
|
Definition
rapid antigen detection test.
Quick, not sensitive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Throat swab overnight on blood agar,
look for clearing around colonies (beta hemolysis)
Treatment:
Penicillin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram neg.,
polar flagella,
aeroic,
blue green pigment-can secrete into media,
grape-like sweet odor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mainly opportunist:
sick, immunocompromised, burn patients.
Very tough.
Resists almost all antibiotics. |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa( May be associated with) |
|
Definition
Numerous exotoxins
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, immunocompromised.
Osteomyelitis: via foot wounds- cuts, diabetic ulcers. Goes to bone.
Burn wounds. Can lead to fatal sepsis.
Urinary tract infections.
Especially thru Foley catheters.
Endocarditis in IV drug users. |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Treatment) |
|
Definition
Several antibiotics at a time.
Combination :
anti-pseudomonal penicillin-piperacillin and aminoglycoside-gentamycin.
Imipenem -broadest antibacterial activity and Aztreonam-magic bullet G- aerobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Feeds on sebum-hence most problem during puberty.
Causes inflammation, skin scarring |
|
|
Term
| Treatment:(Propionibacterium acnes) |
|
Definition
Cleanse skin- any number of "soaps".
Slow food production- acutane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Warts
human papilloma virus
generally benign skin tumors
spread direct contact
treatment removal freeze
burn electrical acid |
|
|
Term
| varicella-zoster(Viral Skin Diseases) |
|
Definition
part of herpes family
one virus
two diseases
chickenpox
shingles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
highly contagious, childhood
virus remains latent in nerve cells
vaccine used to control
odd complication w/ asprin use
Reyes syndrome
vomiting, brain damage
rare now |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reactivation
some trigger
trauma, immunosuppression, ??
painful lesions
rash along sensory nerve
trunk, head, eye
treatment
vaccine
acyclovir -soon after outbreak sysmptoms
shorten/lessen ??
zoster immune globulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cold sores, fever blisters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
respiratory route
characteristic koplik spots in throat
red spots-bluish/white specks center
extremely infectious
sotry- 2hrs after infected child leaves waitng room- cold still infect
can be deadly
kills many n refugee camps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vaccine MMR
measles, mumps, rubella
seen uptick because of non-vaccination |
|
|
Term
| Fungal diseases(cutaneuous) |
|
Definition
hair, nails, outer layer
Tinea capitis-head, Tinea pedis-foot
ringworm
release keratinase
raised inflammatory ring, healing center
loss hair, flaky skin, crumbly nails |
|
|
Term
| Fungal diseases (subcutaneous) |
|
Definition
underneath outer layer
thru wound
sporotrichosis
cut in skin
soil fungus
roses, sphagnum moss
may spread via lymph system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
candidiasis
yeast like fungus
oral cavity- thrush
white coating
groin- diaper rash
vaginitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
burrowing mites
extreme itching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of conjunctiva outer coating eyeball, inner eyelid
Staph, Strep, Neiseseria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leading cause of preventable blindness |
|
|
Term
| Chlamydia trachomatis-(Eyes) |
|
Definition
infects epithelial cells eye
causes hard pustules inner surface eyelid scratches eye when blink
control-
clean water,
control eye seeking flies |
|
|
Term
Keratitis
Acanthamoeba-(Eyes) |
|
Definition
esp in contact lens wearers
improperly prepared saline solutions
Nervous system
normally sterile
gain access
trauma
peripheral nerve
bloodstream
lymphatic system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group A, beta hemolytic most problematic due to subsequent infections..
Group A-refers to Lancefield C carbohydrate type (A-S |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red swollen tonsils, pharynx, purulent exudate on tonsils, high fever, swollen lymph nodes.rheumatic fever-heart damage.
glomerulonephritis-kidney damage |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Also Associated With) |
|
Definition
Osteomyelitis: via foot wounds- cuts, diabetic ulcers. Goes to bone.
Burn wounds. Can lead to fatal sepsis.
Urinary tract infections.
Especially thru Foley catheters.
Endocarditis in IV drug users |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genital sores
clinically same
can swap sites
Latent in nerve cells
trigger
trauma, UV, immunosuppression, ??
treatment
acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| infection of CNS(meningitis) |
|
Definition
headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck
convulsions, coma, death
necrosis, clogged bv, edema
spinal tap
cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral less problem
Neisseria meningiditis, 5-40
Streptococcus pneumonia >40
Haemophilus influenzae type B 2mos-5 yrs
need to treat promptly
penicillin G, Ceftriaxone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pregnant women
sepsis, bacteremia
fetus/baby, elderly, immunosuppressed
tillbirths, neurological problems- meningitis,
Foodborne
Dairy products
milk
soft cheese
Deli meats
Can grow at refrigerator temp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gm +
endospore forming,deep puncture wounds,secretes toxin
neurotoxin
spastic paralysis
contracts not relax
cannot breathe
lockjaw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vaccination DPT
passive immunity
tetanus immune globulin
active immunity
tetanus toxoid vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
similar to tentanus
exotoxin
~90% foodborne
ingest toxin
smoked fish
improper canning vegetables
especially non acid >pH4.7
very potent
colorless, odorless, tasteless
heat sensitive- boiling will inactivate neurotoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flaccid paralysis
no release of acetylcholine
never contracts
respiratory failure
"iron lung" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
botulism riskfor infants,can survive/grow in intestine
prduce toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
humans only known host
infecting people for long time
ingestion fecal contaminated water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
salk- fromalin inactivated mainly used now.
sabin- live attenuated not in use
problem- reversion vaccinated will shed fully active virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rhabdo virus
ss RNA virus
Bullet shape, enveloped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bite from an infected animal saliva
travels via peripheral nerves to CNS
fatal encephalitis takes time
incubation weeks to years
allows time for vaccination
if symptoms appear100% mortality
headache, fever, nausea
coma death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fear of water
swallowing, thought of swallowing
trigger painful pharyngeal muscle spasms.
foaming at mouth not want to swallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clean bite
hyperimmune rabies serum around bite
vaccination- series of shot over time
virus grown in human diploid fibroblast cells harvest, inactivate
reservoir
skunks, foxes, raccoons, dogs, bats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yeast like
inhale infected pigeon droppings
lungs asymptomatic
thru blood to brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
headache, confusion, nausea, seizures, coma
aids, immunosuppressed at risk.
amphotericin B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
african sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma
vector TseTse fly
progressive disease
blood>lymph nodes>CNS
sleepcotinually, coma, death
organism keeps changing outer glycoprotein coat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Naegleria spp.
meningo-encephalitis
thru nasal passages to brain
assoc with swimming in poor water
opportunist
95% die w/in week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protein
animals, humans
spongiform encephalopathy,brain
encephalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bacteria in blood causing an immune response (inflammatory response) in the blood
sepsis/septic shock
decreased blood pressure, fever, organ failure
most often gm - bacillus(have endotoxins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation,esp heart valve
Strep throat> rheumatic fever> endocarditis,damaged heart valve
more likely have endocarditis, causes clots-called vegetation- to form on valve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rapid onset symptoms
shaking, chills, spiking fever
hgh fatality rate,damaged or normal heart valve involved
S. aureus, S. pyogenes, N. gonnorhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slower onset bacteria piles up on valve, low grade fever, fatigue, anemia
involves mainly damaged valves
normal bacteria of mouth and throat
alpha hemolytic Strep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
autoimmune comlication of group a beta hemolytic Strep infection may be genetic certain HLA types
seen in 75% cases,maybe to M-protein
occurs 2-3 wks afer Strep throat
fever, arthritis, rash, heart damage |
|
|
Term
| Brucellosis undulant fever |
|
Definition
cattle, goats, swine,enter via abrasions on skin/mucus membranes,grows inside macrophage
variable signs/symptoms, few deaths
fever goes in cycles peaks ~40C each evening, B. abortus, cows, erythritol
found in calf placenta not human |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clostridia spp,soil bacteria easy to get into wounds,grows in damaged/dead/low oxygen areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
C. perfringens,pockets of gas in tissue,crackling noise,fatal untreated
debridement remove dead tissue
surgical
maggots
amputation
penicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bites scratches
domestic animals, dogs cats, local infection, pneumonia, septicemia |
|
|
Term
| Humans> bites/clenched fist injuries |
|
Definition
often worse than animal bite
~5 % require amputation
Mouth, S. aureus Bacteroides
Fusobacterium septicemia, tissue destruction, infalmmation, swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gm-, aerobe
general contact, scratch, bite
papule>rash, swollen lymph nodes, prolonged fever
self limiting, rifampin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Yersinia pestis,gm-
killed large numbers of people
vector rat flea, both ill,no rats, no fleas, no plaque
(40 day isolation- quarentina> quarentine),painful swollen lymph nodes
buboes
bubonic plague
untreated
50-7-% mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
100% mortality w/in 3 days
spread via droplets
treated w/antibiotics
streptomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi
vector tick, Ixodes
reservoir
field mice, other?(deer)
nymph stage most involved transmission
no person to person, rash at bite site (?50%)
bullseye rash,flu-like symptoms
longer lasts more damage, harder to treat skin, heart, nerves, joints, eye damage arthritis, encephalopathy, etc
antibiotics extended and repeated doses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in everybody, Mononucleosis
fever, sore throat, swollen neck lymph nodes, enlarged spleen (may rupture) usually self limiting
saliva transmission, in children mild
in adults more severe.also chronic fatigue syndrome( Burkitts lymphoma)B cell cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii, sex mature in cat intestines shed in cat feces
unlikely in indoor cat fed canned food
pregnanacy infect fetus damage, death(Human Fetus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Plasmodium spp, 4 spp,(P. falciparum) most dangerous
characteristic schedule
~ every 38-48 hours, depends on species
~ lasts ~6 hours chills, fever, sweats
bite>blood>liver>RBC<
-rupture RBC at regualr intervals
several forms merozoites in rbc
sporozoites in liver
invades ~30% rbc
reanl failure, lung edema, coma, anemia
very old, very young at risk death
w/treatment 20%< 5 yrs die cerebral malaria
vector
female anopheles mosquito
feeds at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blood flukes
millions worldwide
heart disease, epilepsy, kidney failure, cirrhosis of liver
symptoms
-fever, rash, body pains, cough, dysentery
larvae>skin>blood>liver/matures> vein-lower/upper intestine or urinary badder veins, stays 30 yrs
lays 3500 eggs/day
eggs get into intestine/bladder leave body
eggs wander into body(triggers immune response)treat praziquntel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
upper
nose, throat middle ear
lower
arynx trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group a beta hemolytic
Strp. pyogenes
respiratory route
resists phagocytosis
streptokinins, streptolysins
local inflammation,fever,penicillin effective
comlications of non treatement
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common cold,mainly rhinovirus
~113 kinds
likes cooler body temp
33-34C
upper respiratory epthelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
crown of glycoprotein spikes
others
single rhinovirus sufficient
natural immunity short lived
fomites/close contact
hands>eyes/nose/mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid fast
respiratory route
long generation time
33hrs
sensitive to UV/sunlight
resist drying out
lasts long time on surface
ingested by macrophage
forms ball of cells
tubercle
eventually macrophages in center die
caseous center (cheesy)
can go dormant
5% reactivate in 1-2 years, 5% reactivation lifetime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
weight loss, coughing, fatigue
log antibiotic treatment
2 drugs 2 years
3-4 drugs 6 months
problem w/ compliance
causes rise in atibiotic resistance
xmdr, extreme multidrug resistance, no drugs work
skin test
ppd, purified protein derivative
"bits of TB Mycobacterium" injected under skin
look for immune reaction
sensitized T cells
w/ 48 hours
induration, hard raised red area
positive
have it
had it
vaccinated
BCG, Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin
Quantiferon TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of lung tissue
typical pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
atypical
Mycolasma, Chlamydia, virus
typical/atypical refers to site of infection
lobar vs bronchial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumonia
capsule
diplococcus
fever, chest pain, rustcolored sputum
vccine of purified capsular material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no cells walls
cholesterol in membrane,walking pneumonia
primary atypical
low grade fever, dry hacking cough, headache
tetracycline, erythromycin, quinolones
fried egg colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
associatd with birds
parrots, parrakeets, pigeons, ducks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obligate intracellular parastie
2 forms
outside cell, elementary body, tough, infectious form
*(inside cell), reticulate body,multiplying form
fever headache chills,contact with bird droppings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
often complication of measles, chicken pox
most common cause pneumonia in infants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8 pandemics since 1889
kills healthy people
RNA virus
8 loosely connected pieces RNA
envelope w/glycoprotein spikes
Hemagglutinin, helps attach
Neuraminidase, helps release
several varieties
H1N1, H2N1 etc
remember
*H1N5, bird flu hard to get, deadly
*H1N1, swine flu similar to deadly pandemic flu varieties casued by mutations
antigenic shift, large changes
antigenic drift, small changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hogs> mix deadly RNA parts of duck w/infectious RNA parts of people
people flu virus>>> |
|
|
Term
| duck flu virus(treatment) |
|
Definition
vaccine
educated guess of type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reservoir mice
breathe air contaminated w/ mouse urine/droppings
sweep cabin
Korean war
2500 infected, 5-10% die
1993 Four corners region of Us
32 of 53 cases died
healthy died
one case ok morning, respirator afternoon, dead that night
mild flu like that progresses> pulmonary edema> death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Coccidioides immitis
dimorphic
soil fungfus
spores carried by wind
SW US/California
chest pains, fever, cough, loss of weight
symptoms like TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dental caries,periodontal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
permeable to sugars, not acids
sucrose mainly, dental caries, cavities
mainly Streptococcus mutans
Control
clean teth
remove food
remove plaque
flouride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gum inflammation and degeneration of structures support teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation
gum bleeding after brushing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. aureus,enterotoxin, heat stable,easy contaminate food via hands
esp. cooked food,at risk, due to makeup, handling custards cream pies, ham, poultry,enterotoxin,vomiting, diarrhea, no fever ,symptoms
1-6 hrs later
lasts ~8 hrs
treatment
rehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
invasive bacteria grows,symptoms
12-36 hours later,lasts 1-4 days,cause
eat contaminated food, meat and dairy
uncooked eggs, poultry
contact w/ reptiles/amphibians
turtles, snakes, iguana
treatment
rehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vibrio cholerae
humans only reservoir
infects intestinal mucosa
via contaminated food/water
cause
enterotoxin
severe dehydration
by gallon
death by circulatory collapse
treatment
rehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
many pathogenic strains
"Travelers diarrhea"
mild> life threatening
dangerous- E. coli 0157:H7
kidney failure
hemorrhagic colitis
divide quickly
~15 min
mainly
ETEC enterotoxigenic E. coli
EIEC enteroinvasive E. coli
source
undercooked beef
other
apple cidar
manure fertilizer
prevention
cook properly
temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
g-
microaerophile
source
chicken
cows
maure, milk
pathogen
C. jejeuni
fever, cramps, diarrhea
recover w/in week
complication
Guillan Barrre syndrome
autoimmune
demyelination, paralysis
need treat promptly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nosocomial
Daycare centers
mild diarrhea
dangerous colitis
exotoxin
result from extended use broad spectrum antibiotics
treat w/ vancomycin, metronidazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fecal/oral
20 million cases US
few deaths
persists surfaces
3 wks
resists chlorine
vomiting, diarrhea
2-3 days
cruise ships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
viral gastroenteritis
~ 3m million cases, few deaths
90% children by age 3 infected
low grade fever, diarrhea, vomiting
~ 1 week
leading cause acute infection/diarrhea/infant mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4 spp(Species)
all non-motile
neg lactose ferm, neg H2S production
rules out E. coli, Salmonella
Human only host
fecal/oral
preschool, nursing homes
never part of normal flora
invades intestinal epithelial cells
shiga toxin
2 part toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
99% intestinal flora Bacteroidaceae family
Break in intestine/bowel
surgery, gunshot
grows wild in peritoneal cavity
abscesses (mix bacteria/wbc/dead tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only bateria live in stomach
1993, peptic ulcers
antibiotics, antacids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of liver
jaundice, yellowing
loss liver function
partial bkdwn hemoglobin
bilirubin
several unrelated types
Hep A, B, C, D
differing severities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blood, saliva, semen
stable on surfaces
needles, surgical instruments
liver cancer
carriers exist
prevent w/ vaccine for high risk groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clinically inapparent
20yrs
liver cancer, cirrhosis
via blood contact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aflatoxin
potent carcinogen
infected peanuts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Giardia lamblia
flagellated protozoan
infects small intestine
prolonged diarrhea
weeks
resevoir
wild animals
beavers, cats? dogs?
via contaminated water
ingest cysts,resist chlorine, should filter water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contaminated water
animal wastes,cattle
1993 outbreak,300,000 milwaukee, 4,400 hospitalizations, severe diarrhea
via tap water, resists chlorine
bkdn sewage treatment filtration
Reminder watrborne pathogens
10 min boil effective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flatworms
roundworms
cook properly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dogs. sheep, lick face, ingest eggs
humans intermediate host
hydatid cyst
single round fluid filled balloon
size grapefruit,location problem
brain, liver, lungs
surgical removal difficult
cysts breaks
dangerous anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
urinary bladder, upper urinary tract
Sterile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lactobacilli, produce lactic acid, acidic pH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small resident microflora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
normally sterile
- due to acidity and washing action |
|
|
Term
| Urinary System Infections |
|
Definition
usually opportunistic
Factors: Disorders of the nervous system
Diabetes,Obstruction of urine flow
Closeness of intestinal gram neg bacteria
especially in females |
|
|
Term
| Infections usually cause inflammation |
|
Definition
ureteritis- inflammation of the urethra
cystitis- urinary bladder
ureteritis- ureter
pyelonephritis-kidneys
glomerulonephritis- kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Infections are usually nosocomial |
|
Definition
particularly E. coli
rule of thumb for presence of infection
>100,000 bact/ml urine
or 1000 bact/ml of a single type
or 100 bact./ml ofcoliforms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more common in females
due to short urethra
dysuria- painful urination
pyuria- leukocytes in the urine
organisms: E. coli, Staph saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Brights Disease- Kidney Damage
Inflammation of the glomeruli
Immune complex disease
often sequel to beta hemolytic Strep. pyogenes
Produces- fever, high blood pressure, protein/RBC in urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most disease transmitted by sexual activity
most cured with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- gm neg Neisseria gonnorrhea
in females often asymptomatic
Attach to mucosal cells by fimbrae/pili
Complications-endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis, sterility
infected mother- baby becomes blind |
|
|
Term
| Non-gonococcal Urethritis |
|
Definition
60 cause by Chlamydia trachomatis
others mycoplasma
40 acquired thru sexual activity
Usually mild/asymptomatic
Sterility may occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spirochaete, Trponema pallidum
several stages to the disease. Primary-chancre. Secondary-rash, Tertiary-gumma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tests: VDRL- Venereal disease research laboratory-a slide flocculation test
RPR- rapid plasma reagin test(body to presence of spirochaete
look for reagin type antibodies
IgE produced against particular lipid produced as response to tissue damage
Get false positives, need confirmatory test
Other test: Flourescent treponemal antibody absorption test
Look for ab in serum.
mix serum with avirulent strain T. pallidum
then add flourescent tagged anti-antibody, look for glowing organisms)
Both tests similar, both indirect: |
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Term
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Definition
infects many species- man to fungus
over 90 types
usually latent in nerve cells
no effective treatment, no cure |
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Term
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Definition
| Oral herpes Type I: cold sore. fever blister |
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Term
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Definition
small number of cases locations and types switch
painful lesions
very infective
variable reoccurrence
Acyclovir- somewhat effective
- reduces number, duration of attacks
Can be problem for fetus
can cross placental barrier
can get it from the birth canal
do C-section |
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Term
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Definition
papilloma virus
can be sexually transmitted |
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