• are prokaryotes
• unicellular
• Kingdom monera
• have cell walls made of peptidoglycan
• most reproduce by Binary Fission
• can come in several different shapes
• bacillus (bacilli)- rod shaped
• coccus (cocci)- spherical
• spiral - corkscrew

• prokaryotic
• may or may not have cell wall
• if cell wall is present : lacks peptidoglycan
• cell wall often found in extreme environments
• METHANOGENS
• EXTREME HALOPHILES
• EXTREME THERMOPHILES

METHANOGENS

Produce METHANE as a waste product from respiration

EXTREME THERMOPHILES

live in hot, sulfurous water

not known to cause disease in humans

• molds, yeasts, mushrooms are in fungi group
• eukaryotic
• Kingdom Fungi
• many have a polysaccharide in their cell walls called chitin
• CAN NOT perform photosynthesis
• obtain food by absorbing solutions of organic matter from their environments
• can produce sexually and asexually
• can be unicellular or multicellular

• eukaryotic
• unicellular
• kingdom Protista
• classified by how they move:
  • pseudopods - amoebas
  • flagella
  • cilia
• can live as free entities or as parasites
• can reproduce sexually and asexually

ALGAE

• kingdom Protista
• eukaryotic
• can photosynthesize
• can produce oxygen and carbs that other organisms use
• have a wide variety of shapes ( strings, beads, round, triangular, diatoms)
• can reproduce sexually and asexually

VIRUSES

• ACELLULAR (DONT CONTAIN CELLS)
• nonliving
• have core area
• ~composed of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
• the virus coat in composed of protein
• reproduce inside a host cell,using the host cells replication machinery
• all viruses are parasitic
• can only be observed with an ELECTRON microscope

• some are microscopic during some stage of their life cycle and have medical importance
• flatworms and roundworms (parasites) are colectively called"HELMINTHS"
• helminths are eukaryotic

MICROBES

USES AND BENEFITS

• digestion of food
• play large role in food chains
• photosynthesis
• recycling of chemical elements
• synthesis of chemical products
• food production
• sewage treatment
• bioremediation
• genetic engineering

• Binomial Nomenclature
• Genus given first
• Species second

both genus and species names are underlined

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Plantae
5. Animalia

kingdom Monera

• prokaryotic
• unicellular

• eukaryotic
• mostly unicellular

• most are multicellular
• eukaryotic
• no photosynthesis
• aquire nutrition by absorbtion

• multicellular
• photosynthesis
• INCLUDES
  • some algae
  • all mosses
  • ferns
  • conifers
  • flowering plants

kingdom Animalia

• multicellular
• have some type of mouth

PRIONS

Two Types

1.) Synthetics

2.) Antibiotics

Synthetic

Chemotherapy

Chemotheraputic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

Antibiotic

Chemotherapy

cell mantains a single shape (its entire life)

MOST CELLS ARE MONOMORPHIC

PLEOMORPHIC

THE

PROKARYOTIC CELL

(OUTSIDE TO INSIDE)

• GLYCOCALYX
• FLAGELLA
• AXIAL FILAMENTS
• FIMBRIAE
• PILI

many prokaryotes secrete this (sugar coat) on their surfaces

• gelatinous, composed of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides
• chemical composition varies widely between species
• made inside the cell and secreted to the cell surface

GLYCOCALYX

Specific Names

• Capsule: glycocalyx that is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall

• Slime Layer: glycocalyx that is not organized and only loosely attached to the cell wall

GLYCOCALYX

Functions

• protection
• attachment