Term
| staph aureus vs staph epi |
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Definition
| staph aureus is coag pos, staph epi is coag neg |
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Term
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Definition
| staph is catalase pos, strep is catalase neg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| staph have this to bing to Fc portion of IgG and helps bacterium escape immunoglobulin action/makes them not work, prevents ab-mediated clearance |
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Term
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Definition
| hemolysins (hemolyzes rbcs), also enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, TSS toxin (enters blood stream and causes systemic effects) |
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Term
| staph epi is a big cause of |
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Definition
| subacute bacterial endocarditis |
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Term
| staph aureus causes what infections |
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Definition
| skin infections, cellulitis, boils: furuncles + carbuncles (blockage of hair follicle), sties, also life-threatening diseases like pneumonia, abscesses, deep GI abscesses, can lead to meningitis, most common cause of gram pos bacteriemia, very common cause of infection in the hospital, scalded skin syndrome and TSS, food poisoning (rapid onset, 2-4 hrs bc of enterotoxin), super antigen- causes proliferation of the entire subset of T cells and results in large release of cytokines that cause fever, shock, organ failure (TSS or shock due to s. aureus), also bone and joint infections, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, nosocomial infections |
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Term
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Definition
| A-E, G, I, cause food poisoning, act directly on neuroreceptors in upper GI tract, stimulate the vomiting center, rapid onset (vomit w/i 2-5 hrs after ingestion), toxins are resistant to boiling |
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Term
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Definition
| causes scalded skin syndrome, disrupts the intracellular junciton that joins the skin cells together, splitting them and allowing huge hunks of the skin surface to be sloughed off |
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Term
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Definition
| hemolysin, causes the lysis of rbcs on BAP, a lipid-binding toxin that can cause cell death and tissue destrucxtion, can lyse other types of host cells and axct as a transporter during infextion, as it lyses cells allows the organism to jump from cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to prothrombin to form a complex that initiates the polymerizatiojn of fibrin to form a clot, contributes to the fibrin capsule surrounding many abscesses, allows it to wall itself off and then be prevented from being exposed and eaten up by neutrophils- forms a clot and initiates our clotting cascasde to form a wall and protect it |
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Term
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Definition
| get infected hair follicle, a bunch of these get together causing a furuncle then a big furuncle, then a bunch of these get together to form a carbuncle or boil then they become infected and spread from hair cell to hari cell |
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Term
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Definition
| affect heart valves, both staph aureus and staph epi, inc'd in IV drug users, these vegetatons can break off the heart valves and go downstream -> get into capillaries -> splinter hemorrhaging (can be seen in fingernails), can get conunctival petechiae in eyes, osler's nodes (tender nodules underneath the tips of the finergs), Janeway lesions (little hemorrhaegic petechiae lesions), |
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Term
| TSS findings and symptoms |
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Definition
| fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, muscle pains, rash, shock, hypotension, can end in end organ multisystem organ failure and death, get sloughing off of skin, associated w use of tampons, wounds cxan also do this, blood cultures are often neg bc its the toxin ccausing symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| skin desquamation or sloughing off of the surface of the skin, esp seen in kids under age 5, due to exfoliative staph aureus toxin, usually localized but can be systemic |
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Term
| antibiotic treatment for staph |
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Definition
| anti-staphylococcal penicillins- oxacillin, dicloxacillin. 1st gen cephalosporins and vanco. surgical drainage is impt |
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Term
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Definition
| strep pyogenes, beta hemolytic, cause of strep pharyngitis |
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Term
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Definition
| strep pyogenes, strep pneumo |
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Term
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Definition
| gram pos, non motile, GPC in chains, strep pneumo diplococci, cell wall antigens can resemble human muscle and connective tissues leading to some late sequalae that we can see like cardiovascular disease, endocarditis, immune system gets confused and starts attacking our own cells |
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Term
| strep pyogenes vs strep pneumo capsule |
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Definition
| strep pyogenes has hyaluronic acid capsule like host CT, non antigenic (body sees like us). capsule of strep pneumo is very antigenic (body doesn't see as like us) |
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Term
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Definition
| streptolysin O and S responsible for beta hymolysis. streptolysin o titer tells us if someone has had a previous infecxtion, |
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Term
| other componenets and toxins of strep |
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Definition
| NADase, hyurolinidase, streptokinase, DNAses, erythrogenic toxins (scarlet fever rash and strep TSS), C5a peptidase (cleaves the C' component 5a and shuts down the compliment cascade, preventing the recruitment of phagocytes to the are), proteases (esp w type B, contributes to tsisue destrucxtion and necxrotizing fascitis,m SPE B- streptococcal pyrogenic endotoxin b) |
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Term
| leading cause of bacterial phyngitis and tonsillitis |
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Definition
| strep pyogenes, can also cause sinusitis, otitis, arthritis, blood-borne bone infecxtions, some strains prefer the skin and cause impetigo and cellulitis. post sequalae- acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis (immune complex mediated) |
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Term
| leading cause of bacterial penumonia in adults |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| strep agalactiae, can cause neonatal septicemia and meningitis, screen pregnant women for this |
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Term
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Definition
| strep faecalis, enterococcus, can lead to infecxtions of the ehart or endocartidis or UTIs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| strep pyogenes antibiotic |
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Definition
| penecillin, cephalosporins |
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Term
| antibiotic for group d strep |
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Definition
| macrodantin or macrobid bc lots of resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| normal flora in mouth, common cause of endocarditis, ex s. mutans |
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Term
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Definition
| strep pyogenes (group A), strep agalactiae (Group B) |
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Term
| strep pharyngitis findings |
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Definition
| especially kids-- sore throat, fever, headache, red tonsils with exudate, cervical lymphadenopathy, self limiting but can cause can cause peritonsillar abscesses and cause retropharyngeal abscess that require aggressive antibiotic treatment adn maybe incision and drainage. in contrast, viral pharyngitis tends to have a cough |
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Term
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Definition
| sandpaper-like rash of the face sparing the mouth, can occompany strep pharyngitis, get circumollar pallor, accentuated in skin cxreases, strawberry tongue |
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Term
| streptococcxal toxic shock syndrome |
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Definition
| rare, not usually ass w tampons, , get fever, hypotension, multi organ failure, usually ass w skin or tissue infextions |
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Term
| soft tissue infecxtions from strep |
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Definition
| impetigo- infecxtion of the epidermis usually in small children, usually around nose, above mouth, mnear nasal labial folds, honey-crusted lesions, repture to form yellow, crusty lesions |
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Term
| deep skin infections fron strep |
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Definition
| cellulitis, involves dermis and subcutaneous tissue, associated w fever and maybe lymphangitis, get red streaks that exztend up tehir arm, often located in anatomical sites w compromised lymphatic drainage, seen in ppl w surgery to remove lymph nodes. special type A streptococcal cellulitis = erysipelas- erythematous rash well demarcated usually on the face, rapidly expanding. deeper tissues = necrotizing fasculitis- includes superficial and/or deep fascia of the muscles, life threatening- source of infection may be minor break in skin or surgical wound- overwhelming infectioninside muscle layers causing compartment syndrome and excxruciating pain in the extremity or site of the infection, fever, malaise, skin can become mottled or dusky, have to take to operating room and irrigate |
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Term
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Definition
| acute rheumatic fever a few weeks after pharyngitis. can damage heart but don't see much anymore. diagnosed by jones cxriteria. poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria following strep or respiratory infection) |
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Term
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Definition
| penicillin, macxrolides, erythromycin, azithromycin. severe infections like TSS should be treated w penicillin plus clindamycin (gram pos and anaerobic coverage) |
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Term
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Definition
| strep bovis (Group D strep) and enterococcus |
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Term
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Definition
| rarely caxuses infection, linked to ppl w GI malignancies- bacteremia or sepsis due to S. bovis |
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Term
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Definition
| normal flora of GI traxt, low intrinsic virulence but worry about VRE (vanA operon- transferrable plasmid-- substitutes a lactate for one alanine and vanco can't work on organisms w lactate) |
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Term
| treatment for enterococcus |
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Definition
| the penicillins, ampicillin, vancomyosin, as long as it's not vanco-resistant enterococcus, some newer antibiotics-- linezolid, daptomycin. best to do hand-washing and be careful w/ how much vanco we are using |
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