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Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation) |
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| Chemical reaction in which H2O is removed with the result that two molecules are joined together. |
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| Chemical reaction in which a molecule is broken down as H2O is added |
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Amino Acid Side Chain (R-Group) |
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The variant group in the amino acid that determines its properties: Polar Nonpolar Aromatic Negatively Charged Positively Charged |
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CH2-SH Can make disulfide bonds |
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Has four different groups attached to the carbon |
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| Mirror image of a compound, but cannot superimpose |
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| Covalent bond formed between the -COOH group of one amino acid and the -NH2 group of another amino acid; characteristic of proteins |
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Secondary structure of a protein that is held together by hydrogen bonding with other amino acids. In the shape of a sheet, referred to as pleated because it can look like its been scrunched up. |
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Secondary structure of a protein held together by hydrogen bonding In the shape of a helix |
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Primary Secondary Tertiary |
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Refers to the sequence of amino acids in a protein Determines the other features of the protein |
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Refers to the arrangement of amino acids in a protein; the two major arrangements are helices and sheets Form weak bonds including hydrogen bonds with other amino acids |
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Level of structure of a protein described by its 3D nature; two major shapes exist, globular and fibrous Protein is folded into its 3D shape which is determined by the sequence of amino acids and weak and strong bonds Hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, disulfide bonds, ionic bond (salt bridge) |
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Covalent chemical bond that joins two simple sugars, or monosaccharides, via an oxygen atom The OH group points down Animals are able to digest this kind of bond |
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Covalent chemical bond that joins two simple sugars, or monosaccharides, via an oxygen atom OH group points up Bacteria can digest this kind of bond |
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Basic subunits of RNA and DNA consisting of a purine or pyrimidine convalently bonded to ribose or deoxyribose, which is covalently bonded to a phosphate molecule A,T,U,G,C |
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| Component of RNA and DNA; the two major purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G) |
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| Component of RNA and DNA; the three major pyrimidines are thymidine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U) |
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Five carbon sugar attached to a phosphate group (PO42-) Phosphate is on the 5th numbered carbon |
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| The -OH group is attached to the 3rd numbered carbon on the sugar |
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| Antiparallel Double Helix |
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| Term used to describe the opposing orientations of the two strands of DNA in the double helix; one strand is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction and its complement is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction |
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| Molecule consisting of three molcules of the same or different fatty acids bonded to glycerol |
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Contains no double bonds Straight chain All four bonds on carbon are bonded to something Packs very tightly Like butter Animals, plants (wax), bacteria produce naturally |
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Contains a double bond in the chain The hydrogens are on the same side Very bent and do not pack well, loose, runny Like oil Bacteria produce naturally |
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Contains a double bond in the chain Hydrogens are on opposite sides Slightly bent (diagonal) Pack decently Like margin Plants (oils) and bacteria naturally produce |
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Lipid that has a phosphate molecule as part of its structure Amphipathic Phosphate head (hydrophilic) Lipid tail (hydrophobic) |
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| Specialized membrane domains enriched in certain lipids, cholesterol, and proteins |
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Phospholipid Bilayer Has many proteins and lipid rafts (half lipids and half proteins) |
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