Term
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Definition
| A receptor on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells on their membranes that recognize PMPs on pathogen and bind to it |
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Term
| Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) |
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Definition
A receptor inside macrophages and dendritic cells in their cytoplasm that recognize PMP on pathogen and bind to it |
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Definition
| When the pathogen is engulfed by the phagocyte the vessicle/pathogen complex is called a phagosome |
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Term
| Endocytic Vessicle (for B-cells) |
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Definition
The vessicle that forms around the pathogen when it enters the cell via endocytosis to form the phagosome Equivalent to phagolysosome in phagocytes because B-cells are not phagocytes |
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Definition
| When the phagosome (pathogen in vessicle) fuses with lysosomes to break down the pathogen |
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Definition
| When oxidative chemicals oxidize the proteins of the pathogen with oxides (superoxide, peroxide, nitric oxide) |
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Definition
| Kill PMNs and monocytes to prevent getting eaten |
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Term
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Definition
| They prevent phagocytosis by hiding their PMPs so they cannot bind and get eaten |
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Definition
| When macrophages fuse together to try to "combine forces" if all of the bacteria aren't killed |
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Definition
When giant cells try to encase the unkilled bactera Noninfectious in granuloma, but they can "break out" of granuloma later to reactivate the disease In tuberculosis |
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Term
| Antigen-presenting Cell (APC) |
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Definition
When bacteria are digested and its pieces (antigens or epitopes) are placed on the surface of the cell Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-Cells do this (B-Cells are not phagocytic however) |
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Definition
| One of the types of digested bacterial molecules that can be presented on an APC |
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Definition
| One of the types of digested bacterial molecules that can be presented on an APC |
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Term
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Definition
One of the proteins that attach to bacterial pieces that present Found on all nucleated cells Mounts protein from the cytoplasm Useful for virus infected cells Recruits Tc cells to kill the infected cell |
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Definition
One of the proteins that attach to bacterial pieces that present Only on APCs Mounts foriegn protein from phagolysosome (or B-cell's endocytic vessicle Recruits TH cells to activate the adaptive immune response |
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Term
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Definition
Histocompatability When tissues are transplanted from yourself to another part of your body or another person, the tissues need to match to avoid rejection MHC's play a role in this because foreign MHC's elicit immune response (tissue graph rejections) Mostly the MHC 1 is the more important one |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue that is used from another person and must be matched carefully by immunologic testing |
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Term
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Definition
Prevents viruses from spreading by sending out a warning to other cells that a virus is around IFN genes are induced by dsRNA |
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Definition
| Tissue from yourself that are not rejected |
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Definition
| Cause newly infected cell with a virus to undergo apoptosis and prevent viral assembly |
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Term
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Definition
Triggers interferon to send out inactive antiviral proteins to other cells because dsRNA is normally present during viral replication |
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Definition
Goals: Release cytokines to induce inflammation Build the MAC (membrane attack complex) and insert into foreign cell Opsonize foreign cell |
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Term
| C3a (diapedesis, inflammation) |
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Definition
| Induces inflammation via diapedesis (making capillary wall porous to allow PMNs and other WBCs to leak out) |
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Term
| C5a (macrophage recruitment) |
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Definition
| Recruits more phagocytes, especially PMNs, with chemokines |
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Term
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Definition
Used to opsonize a foreign cell "Eat Me" Tag for phagocytes so they are easier to recognize |
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Term
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Definition
C5b-g Help build and make the membrane attack complex (MAC) to destroy the PMF |
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Term
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Definition
Made during complement cascade Membrane attack complex Destroys the cell's PMF so they will loose their energy from the gradient to make ATP |
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Term
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Definition
One of the three ways to initiate the complement cascade Involves antibodies See notes for complete description for how it works |
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Term
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Definition
Binds and cleaves C5 an enzyme of the complement system that activates specific components of the system C2b, C4b, and C3b protease ("convertase") for C5 |
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Term
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Definition
One of the ways that can initiate the complement cascade Doesn't involve antibodies Uses an alternate protease that doesn't involve antibodies Makes alternate C5 convertase, digests more C3 See notes for full description |
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Term
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Definition
| Combines with C3b dimer and Bb to make an alternate C5 convertase |
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Term
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Definition
Alternate C5 convertase Made in alternate pathway for the initiation of the cascade system Made from the combination of the C3b dimer and Bb and properdin It is an alternate enzyme that digests more C3 |
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Term
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Definition
Binds to mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine on bacterial cell and brings its own protease (MASB) which serves as convertase This pathway cleaves C2 and C4, the rest is like the classical pathway |
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