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Electrons come from H2 to CO2 to make CH4 (methane) Anaerobes All Archaea Chemolithotrophic |
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Electrons go from Organic/H2 to SO42-/S Chemoorganotrophic Anaerobe They produce H2S (swamp odor) and FeS (corrosive black precipitate) |
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Use S/H2S as electron donors and O2 as acceptor Used during bioleaching and biomining Produces SO42- and H2SO4 |
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Uses sulfur oxidizers to get gold Au2S3 --> Au + H2SO4 Gold sulfide is reduced to sulfide to leave the gold metal Sulfide mineral removed from ground, possible flotation to form a concentrate, bioleaching to release the metals, metal recovery to produce a valuable resource |
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| Conversion of N2 to NH4+ to NO2- to NO32- back to N2 |
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| Used in Rhizobium that has leg hemoglobin that binds to oxygen. Binding to oxygen decreases the oxygen concentrationa and avoids the inhibition of nitrogenase |
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| Enzyme used during nitrogen fixation used to convert N2 to NH4+ |
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The heme used in root nodules to bind oxygen. Binding to oxygen reduces the oxygen concentration allowing nitrogenase to be activated |
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Conversion of NH4+ to NO2- or NO32- in the nitrogen cycle |
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| BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) |
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Measure of the amount of biologically degradable organic material in water. This increases during nitrification so since there is less oxygen in the water this can cause fish to die. |
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Conversion of NO32- to N2 Last step of the nitrogen cycle |
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The good bacteria in our gut/large intestine that ferment nutrients Facultative anaerobes |
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Resistant form of bacteria Not as durable as endospores (protein coat), but they can resist drying out Azotobacter forms cysts |
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Myxobacteria exhibit this behavior When they are starving they swarm together to break down complex nutrient sources They aggregate into fruiting bodies If you increase the number of bacteria you increase the number of enzymes and therefore increase the digestion |
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The shape of Streptomyces (produce many antibiotics as secondary metabolites) Cells are long filaments that form chains of conidial spores at the end |
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| Bacterium has flagella tail, the tail falls off then grows a stalk in place of the flagella. The stalk then sticks to a surface so it can produce a new cell. |
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| The Caulobacter that has formed its stalk after its flagella falls off |
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The Caluobacter cell that still has its flagella Motile cells of sheathed bacteria that disperse to new locations |
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When the bacteria glow Photobacterium fischerii produces this light in response to crowded growth conditions which is called quarum sensing |
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| Tumur growth on plants when infected with argobacterium |
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| In argobacterium and holds on to the T-DNA used to infect plant cells and cause the tumor |
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| On Ti plasmid in Argobacterium and is injected into plant cells to make the plant make a carbon source for the bacterium causing a tumor on the plant. |
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Organism that prefers or requires a high salt (NaCl) medium (5M or 30% NaCl --> Dead Sea) |
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Mostly Archaea Inhabit diverse environments (deep-sea vents to thermal hot springs) Optimum growth between 70-110°C? Electrons from Organic/H2 to S to produce H2S Lives symbiotically with organisms that use H2S as electron donor (Sulfolobus or sulfur oxidizers) |
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