Term
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Definition
Organisms do no typically cause disease in healthy
individuals and present a minimal threat to the environment
and lab personnel. Standard Microbiological practices are adequate. These microbes may be handled in the open, and no special containment equipment is required. |
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Term
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Definition
transmits light up through a specimen
Aids in the identification of unknown microbes
May help identify more than one different type of microorganisms in a sample |
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Definition
| stand which holds the microscope, contains the light |
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Term
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Definition
| lens which concentrates the light unto the specimen |
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Term
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Definition
| used to concentrate or disperse the light in the condenser |
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Term
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Definition
| holds the slide containing the specimen |
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Definition
collects the light from the condenser and magnifies the image
Produces a magnified real image |
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Definition
located on top of the microscope and further magnifies the image 10X
Produces a virtual image that appears within the microscope |
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Term
| Total magnification of a microscope is found by |
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Definition
| multiplying the magnification on the objective lens by the magnification of the ocular lens (10X) |
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Definition
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Term
| Limit of resolution (resolving power) – |
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Definition
| a measurement of how far apart two points must be to view two objects as separate |
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Term
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Definition
| the minimum distance at which 2 points can be resolved, always measured in wavelength (nm) |
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Term
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Definition
| the wavelength of light hitting the specimen |
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Term
| NA condenser and NA objectives |
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Definition
| numerical apertures marked on the lenses |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of a lens’ ability to transmit light coming from the specimen |
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Term
| Numerical aperture is increased when |
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Definition
| immersion oil is used, making the limit of resolution smaller or better |
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Term
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Definition
A glass column filled with a mud sample and chemical compounds
Causes a gradient of oxygen, redox potentials, and nutrients to form allowing different species to inhabit different niches
This model mimics the environmental conditions of microbial populations in nature |
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Term
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Definition
utilize carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source. produces complex organic coumpounds (such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) from CO2, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions
Less fastidious than the most nonfastidious heterotroph |
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Term
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Definition
| utilize reduced organic molecules as the sole carbon source. cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth |
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Term
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Definition
| utilize light as their energy source |
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Definition
| oxidize organic or inorganic compounds as their energy source |
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Term
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Definition
| utilize reduced inorganic molecules as their electron acceptor |
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Term
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Definition
| utilize organic molecules as their electron acceptor |
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Term
| At the bottom of the column |
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Definition
| Clostridium species ferment cellulose |
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Term
| The fermentation products are utilized by |
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Definition
| Desulfobivrio species which produce hydrogen sulfide |
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Term
| Desulfobivrio species produce |
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Definition
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Term
| A hydrogen sulfide gradient is created which contains which photoautotrophs |
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Definition
| Chlorobium (green) and Chromatium (purple) |
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Term
| Where sulfur is low what color is present |
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Definition
the purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodospirillum and
Rhodopseudomonas are located |
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Term
Near the top of the column,
oxygen and hydrogen sullfide are
present allowing for the growth
of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| supplies basic nutritional requirements of commonly cultivated bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| used to grow bacteria whose nutrient requirements are unknown. rich in nutrients, useful for culturing the greatest variety of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| usually supplied in the form of meat (peptone) and plant extracts (phytone) |
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Term
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Definition
essential for the synthesis of amino
acids supplied through beef extract or peptones, Amino acids, purines, pyrimidines,
monosaccharides, polysaccharides and lipids |
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Term
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Definition
contains components that allow only certain bacteria to grow
Ex: antibiotics, dyes and inhibitory compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| contains substances that cause some bacteria to appear in a way that allows you to tell them apart from other bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| contains high concentrations of salt to select for Staphylococcus |
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Term
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Definition
| selects for gram negative bacteria, does not allow gram positive bacteria to grow |
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Term
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Definition
used to grow large amounts of bacteria
Various differential tests utilize liquid broth cultures
Fermentation, indole utilization, methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests |
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Definition
| used to solidify liquid media, is not used as a nutrient source by bacteria |
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Definition
allows for streaking of bacteria and selection of isolated
colonies, contains 1.5% agar |
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Term
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Definition
used for motility tests if added in low
concentration, contains 0.4% agar |
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Definition
| allows for long term storage, uses 1.5% agar |
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Term
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Definition
a mechanism used to sterilize media
Heats media to 121° C for 15 minutes at 15 psi of steam preasure |
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Term
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Definition
any component that is heat
sensitive cannot be autoclaved and must pass
through a bacteriological filter
Ex: antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture consisting of two or more species |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture containing only a single species |
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Term
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Definition
a bacterial culture is streaked onto
a plate to decrease the cell density and obtain an
individual colony or colony-forming unit (CFU) |
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Term
| Quadrant streaks are used for |
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Definition
cultures containing
a large number of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from one original cell type |
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Term
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Definition
| arise from one original cell type |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount and identity of every ingredient is known, supports a narrower range of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a heterotroph that require little organic compounds from the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| a heterotroph that relies heavily on the environment to supply many required organic compounds (most pathogenic species) |
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Term
| Most Staph. grow on what? and the color is changed or unchanged? |
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Definition
MSA but cannot ferment
mannitol, so they appear pink or red and the color of the medium is unchanged |
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Term
| Staph. aureus is the only organism that does what? and what color does this result in? |
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Definition
ferments
mannitol causing the colonies and media to appear
bright yellow |
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Term
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Definition
Contains mannitol as the carbohydrate source
high salt concentration of 7.5%
pH indicator phenol red
Selective media since the high salt concentration dehydrates and lyses most bacteria except Staphylococcus
Differential media since microbes that can ferment mannitol will secrete acids that change the pH allowing the phenol
red to change color |
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Term
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Definition
Method of isolation where the microbial sample is diluted prior to plating and spread evenly over a plate with a glass or metal rod
A properly diluted sample will yield individual colonies to obtain a pure culture |
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Term
| Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) |
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Definition
Contains peptone, lactose, sucrose, eosin Y and methylene blue dyes
Peptone – provides carbon and nitrogen
Selective Media
Lactose and sucrose – encourage growth of enteric (intestinal) bacteria and fermentation of these disaccharides changes the color of the media
Differential Media
The dyes (eosin Y and methylene blue) – inhibit the growth of Gram-positive organisms and react with lactose fermenters to aid in identifying bacteria |
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Term
| Bacteria Effects on EMB- E.Coli |
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Definition
avid lactose fermenter,
the color of the colonies will appear dark purple or
black with a green, metallic sheen |
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Term
| Bacteria Effects on EMB- Enterobacter or Klebsiella |
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Definition
less aggressive lactose
fermenter, colonies will appear pink to dark purple |
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Term
| Bacteria Effects on EMB-Non-lactose fermenters or sucrose fermenters |
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Definition
colony color appears unchanged or the color of the
medium |
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