Term
| Blood culture collection , clean with |
|
Definition
| 2% iodine and then 70% alcohol |
|
|
Term
| When cleansing the skin with alcohol and then iodine for the collection of a blood culture , the iodine must stay on skin for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The purpose of adding 0.025%-0.050% sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) to the nutrient broth is: |
|
Definition
| It inhibits phagocytosis and complement. |
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Term
| A flexable calcium alganite nasophrangeal swab is the collection device of choice for the recovery of which organism? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Semisolid transport media such as amies , Stuart, or Cary Blair are suitable for the transport of swabs for culture of most pathogens except: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Select the method of choice for recovery of bacteria from a deep abcess: |
|
Definition
| Needle aspirate after surface decontamination |
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|
Term
| Primary and differential media of choice for the recovery of most fecal pathogens: |
|
Definition
| Hektoen. MacConkey and Colistin nalidixic acid (CNA) agars. |
|
|
Term
| Media for vibrio from stool: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5% or 10% sheep blood agar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Charcoal transport, MTM media, New york or Martin Lewis. |
|
|
Term
| Chocolate agar and MTM are for |
|
Definition
| Hemophilus spp. and Neisseria spp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deoxycholate agar (DCA) is used for : |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Xylose, lisine, Deoxycholateis a highly selective media for the recovery of |
|
Definition
| Enterobacteriacae from gastrointestinal specimens. |
|
|
Term
| A sheep blood agar plate is used for the primary isolation medium when all of the following organisms are to be recovered from a wound EXCEPT: |
|
Definition
| Hemophilus influenzia and Hemophilus para influenzia |
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|
Term
| Prereduced vitamine K supplimented blood agar plates are recommended media for |
|
Definition
| Bacteroids, peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium spp. think anaerobic |
|
|
Term
| Procedure for recovery of chlamydia: |
|
Definition
| Inoculate cyclohexide treated Mccoy cells. |
|
|
Term
| Virus should be transported in media containing: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebrospinal fluid should be cultured immediately , but if delayed , specimen should be: |
|
Definition
| Incubated at 37 and cultured as soon as possible. |
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Term
| How to detect B-lactamase in bacteria Most sensitive. |
|
Definition
| Chromogenic cephalosporin. |
|
|
Term
| The breakpoint of an antimicrobial drug refers to: |
|
Definition
| The level of drug that is acheivable in serum. |
|
|
Term
| Varibles that change the results of the MIC: |
|
Definition
| Inoculun size, incubation time, Growth rate of bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| According to the kirby bauer standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing method, what should be done when interpreting the zone size of a motle swarming organism such as proteus. |
|
Definition
| The swarming area should be ignored. |
|
|
Term
| Which class of antibiotics is used for the treatment of serious gram negative infections as well as infections with Mycoplasm tuberculosis. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Biochemically the Enterobacteriaceae are gram negative rods that: |
|
Definition
| Ferment glugose, Reduce nitrate to nitrite, and are oxidase negative. |
|
|
Term
| The ortho-notriphenol-B- galactopyoanoside (ONPG) test is most useful when differentiting : |
|
Definition
| Shigella from some strains of e-coli. The ONPG detects B-galactosidase activity and is most useful in distinguishing late lactose fermenters from nonfermentesrs. |
|
|
Term
| The volkes-proskauer (VP) test which end product of glucose fermentation. |
|
Definition
| ACETOIN or carbinol ... turns red to pink. |
|
|
Term
| At which Ph does the Methyl red test become positive. |
|
Definition
4.5
MR and VP detect acid |
|
|
Term
| A positive simmons citrate is seen as a |
|
Definition
| Blue color in the medium. ..............alkaline................. |
|
|
Term
| In the test for urease production, ammonia reacts to form which product? |
|
Definition
| Ammonium carbonate. This turns the indicator pink at Ph 8.0 |
|
|
Term
| Which reagent is added to detect the production of indole. |
|
Definition
| p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| Decarboxylation of the amino acids lusine, ornathene and arginine results in the formation of |
|
Definition
| Amines... decarboxylases split dibasic amino acids, forming alkaline amines. |
|
|
Term
| Lysine iron agar (LIA) showing a purple slant and a blackned butt indicates: |
|
Definition
| Salmonella spp. Salmonella =black butt LIA=salmonella. |
|
|
Term
| Putrisine is an alkaline amine product of which bacterial enzyme? |
|
Definition
| Oranithine decarboxylase. |
|
|
Term
| Which genera are positive for phenlalanine deaminase? PAD |
|
Definition
| Morganella providencia and proteus. |
|
|
Term
| Kligler iron agar (KIA) differs from triple sugar iron agar (TSI) in the |
|
Definition
| use of sucrose in the medium. |
|
|
Term
| The malonate test is useful in differentiating which members of enterobacteriaceae? |
|
Definition
Salmonella subgroups 2,2
(the former arizona) |
|
|
Term
| Which genera of the enterobacteriaceae are known to cause diarrhea and are considered enteric pathogens? |
|
Definition
| Eschericia, salmonella, shigella and yersinia |
|
|
Term
| An isolate of e-coli recovered from the stool of a patient with severe bloody diarrhea should be tested for which sugar before sending it to a reference laboratory for serologic testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Care must be taken before identifying biochemical isolates of shigella because serological cross reactions occur : |
|
Definition
e-coli,
shigella and e-coli are alot alike |
|
|
Term
| Which species of shigela is most commonly associated with diarrheal disease in the united states. |
|
Definition
S. sonnei
Most active of the lot, orinthene decarboxylase and B-dgalactose activity |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test best differentiates shigella species from e-coli. |
|
Definition
| Lactose, indole, ONPG and motility (ecoli)are, shigella isnt |
|
|
Term
| Which genera of enterobacteriaceae are usually non-motile at 36C. |
|
Definition
| Shigella , Klebsiella and Yersinia. But dont forget...Yersinia can be motile at 22C. |
|
|
Term
| Fever , abdominal cramping , watery stools, and fluid and electrolyte loss preceeded by bloody stools 2-3 days before is charateristic of shigallosis but may also result form infection with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cold enrichment of feces (incubation at 4 C) in a phosphate buffered saline prior to subculture onto enteric media enhances the recovery of |
|
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica.
this is the one that can live in the red blood cell bag |
|
|
Term
| Which group of test along with clonial morphology on primary media aids most in the rapid identification of the enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
| indole , oxydase, MacConkey and Blood agar plates |
|
|
Term
| A routein complete stool culture procedure should include media for the isolation of e-coli O157 H7 as well as: |
|
Definition
| Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter and S. aureus. |
|
|
Term
| Which group of test best identifies Morganella and proteus? |
|
Definition
| Motility, urease and PAD. |
|
|
Term
| Which group of test best identifies enterobacter aerogenes from Edwardsella tarda? |
|
Definition
Hydrogen sulfied (H2S) production, sucriose fermentation, indole, and VP.
H2s and indole= Tarda
sucrose and VP and citrate= E. aerogene |
|
|
Term
| Enterobacter sakazakii can best be differentiated from enterobacter cloacae by its, |
|
Definition
| Yellow pigmentation and negative sorbitol fermentation. |
|
|
Term
| Members of the genus Cedecea are best differentiated from serratia spp. by which test result? |
|
Definition
| Negative Dnase. Serratia is Dnase positive. |
|
|
Term
| a gram negative rod is recovered from a catherized urine sample from a nursing home patient, The lactose negative isolate tested postive for indole, urease, ornithine decarboxylase , and PAD and negative for H2S the most probable identificatin is : |
|
Definition
Morganella.
(Indole, PAD and ornithine decarboxylase positive) not proteus tho. |
|
|
Term
| Which single test best separates Klebsiella Oxytoca from K. pneumonia, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism found in normal fecal flora may be mistaken , biochemically for the genus Yersinia? |
|
Definition
| Proteus spp. are urease positive lactose negative and motile, remember yersinia is motle at 22C tho... |
|
|
Term
| WHY might it be necessary for both pink (lactose positive) colonies and colorless (lactose negative) colonies from an initial stool culture on MacConkey agar to be subcultured and tested further for possible pathogens. |
|
Definition
| Pathogenic e-coli can be both pink and colorless on MacConkey agar. |
|
|
Term
| Which agar that is used for routien stool culture is the medium of choice for the isolation of Yersinia strains from stool specimens? |
|
Definition
| MacConkey agar. Although CIN is the best for the isolation of yersinia.. |
|
|
Term
| Which organism is sometimes mistaken for salmonella and will agglutinate in salmonella polyvalent antisera. |
|
Definition
| C, freundii both are H2S, indole, VP and PAD NEGATIVE also |
|
|
Term
| A bloody stool from a 26 year old woman with 3 days of diarrhea showed the following results at 48 hours after plated on the following media: MacConkey: little normal flora with many non-lactose fermenting colonies. Hektoen enteric agar: Many blue green colonies. Campylobacter blood agar and C difficile agar: no growth Clear colonies from MacConkey tested negative for oxidase indole, urease, motility, and H2S. The most likely identificaion is: |
|
Definition
| Shigella. Shigella and campylobacter cause bloody diarrhea but Campy does not grow on MacConkey. |
|
|
Term
| What organisms are generraly positive for B-galactosidase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the Kauffamn White Schema, the combined antigens used for serological identification for salmonella spp. are? |
|
Definition
O, VI, and H antigens.
O= heat stabile
VI or (K) = capsular polysaccharide
H= Flageller (heat labile) |
|
|
Term
| The drugs of choice for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae are |
|
Definition
| Aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamathoxazole, third generation cephalosporins. |
|
|
Term
| A shiga like toxin (verotoxin) is produced mainly by which Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
| E-coli. O157H7 is the toxin most often associated with bloody diarrhea. |
|
|
Term
| Infections caused by Yersinia Pestis are rare in the united states. Those cases that do occur are most frequently located in which region? |
|
Definition
| New mexico, california and arizona. |
|
|
Term
| A leg culture from a nursing home patient grew gram negative rods on MacConkey Agar as pink to dark pink oxidase negative colonies. Given the following results, which is the most likely organism? TSI=A/A Indole=Neg MR=Neg Citrate= + VP = + H2S= Neg Urease = Neg Motility = Neg.Resisant to carbenicillin and ampicillin. IMVC ==++ |
|
Definition
| Klebsiela pneumonia. are ==++ while e-coli are ++==. |
|
|
Term
| Four blood cultures were taken over a 24 hour period from a twenty year old woman with severe diarrhea. the cultures grew motile (room temperture)_ gram negative rods. A urine specimen obtained by catherterization also showed gram negative rods, 100,000 col/mL. Given the following results, which is the most likely organism : TSI=A/A gas Indole= + VP= neg MR=+ H2S=neg Citrate =Neg Urease=Neg Lysine= + (++==) |
|
Definition
| E=coli. E-coli ++== S typhi =+== Y enterocolitica V+== P vulgaris ++== (just like e-coli) |
|
|
Term
| A stool culture form a 30 year old man suffeing from bloody mucoid diarrhea gave the following results on differential enteric media: Mac agar= clear colonies XLD agar= clear colonies Salmonella shigella agar+ small clear colonies. Which test are most appopriate for identification of this enteric pathogen? |
|
Definition
| TSI, Moility, indole, urease, Shigella typing with polyvalent sera. |
|
|
Term
| A leg culture from a hospitalized 70 year old diabetic man grew motile, lactose negative colonies on MacConkey agar, Given the following biochemical reactions at 24 hours what is the most probable organism? H2S, TSI=Neg Indole=Neg MR=Neg VP=+ PAD= Neg Dnase=+ Citrate=+ Urease=Neg |
|
Definition
| Serratia marcescens remember this is Dnase positive... |
|
|
Term
| Three blood cultures taken from a 30 year old cancer patient recieving chemo therapy and admitted with a urinary tract infection grew lactose negative, motile, gram negative rods prior to antibiotic therapy. Given the followig biochemical reactions, which is the most likely organism? H2S, TSI= neg Indole= + MR=+ Dnase=+ VP=neg Citrate=Neg Urease=+ Gelatin hydrolase =+ Ornithine decarboxylase=Neg. |
|
Definition
| Proteus vulgaris ..... look for this in immunocompromised patients. |
|
|
Term
| Three consecutive stool cultures from a 25 year old patient produced scant normal fecal flora on MacConkey and Hektoen agars. However colonies on CIN agar (cefsoledin-irgasan novobiocin) displayed bulls eye colonies after 48 hours incubation. The patient had been suffering from entercolitis with fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain for 2 days. What is the most likely identification of this gram negative rod. |
|
Definition
| Yersinia entercolitica. CIN + yersinia = bulls eye colonies. |
|
|
Term
| A 6 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital following two days of severe diarrhea. Cultures from three consecutive stool samples contained blood and mucus. Patient history revealed a hamburgar lunch at a fast food restuant 3 days earlier . Which pathogen is most likely responsible for the following results Growth on XLD agar= yellow colonies. HE agar= yellow colonies Mac agar= light pink and dark pink and many colonies. Mac with sorbitol, few dark pink and many colorless colonies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Following a two week camping trip in the southwest a 65 year old male patient was hospitalized with a high fever and inflammatory swelling of the axilla and groin lymph nodes, several blood cultures were obtained, resulting in growth of gram negative rods resembling closed saftey pins. The organism grew on MacConkey agar showing nonlactose fermenting colonies. testing demonstrated a non-motile rod that was chemically inert. The most likely identification is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of clinical laboratories with a microbiology department should have the capability of serotyping which pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
| E-coli O157 H7, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. |
|
|
Term
| Direct spread of pneumonic plague disease occurs by which route. |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of contaminated airborne droplets. |
|
|
Term
| What are the most appropriate screening test to presumtivaly differentiate and identify the nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFB) from the enterobacteriaceae? |
|
Definition
| Oxidase TSI, nitrate reduction, growth on MacConkey agar. |
|
|
Term
| Presumptive test used for the pseudomonas spp. are: |
|
Definition
| Oxidase, oxidaton fermentation (OF) glucose (OPEN), OF glucose (sealed), motility, pigment production. |
|
|
Term
| Which test are most appropriate to differentiate between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida? |
|
Definition
| Mannitol, nitrate reduction and growth at 42C. |
|
|
Term
| Which group best differentiates Acinetobacter baumanni from P. aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| Oxidase, motility, nitrate reduction. |
|
|
Term
| In addition to motility, which test best differentiates Acinetobacter spp. and Alcalienes spp. |
|
Definition
| Oxidase. Acinetobacter is non motile and oxidase negative. |
|
|
Term
| The most noted differences between P. aeruginosa and S. maltophillia are: |
|
Definition
| Oxidase, 42C growth and polor tuft of flagella. S. maltophillia is oxidase neative, does not grow at 42 and is motile by a polor tuft of flagella. |
|
|
Term
| Which pseudomonas is usually associated with a lung infection related to cystic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A nonfermenter recovered from an eye wound is oxidase positive , motile with polor monotricious flagella and grows at 42. colonies are dry wrinkled or smooth , buff to light brown in color and are difficult to remove from the agar. In which DNA homology group shoould this organism be placed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms is associated with immunodeficency syndrome and meliodosis (a gladers like disease in south east asia and northern australia. |
|
Definition
Burkholderia (P.) pseudomallei
Vietnameese time bomb |
|
|
Term
| Which biochemical test are needed to differentiate Burkholderei (P.) cepatia from S. (X) maltophilia |
|
Definition
| Pigment on blood agar, oxidase and DNase |
|
|
Term
| The following results were obtained from a pure culture of gram negative rods recovered from the pulmonary secreations of a 10 year old cystic fibrosis patient with pneumonia. Oxidase pos motility pos glucose OF open pos Gelatin hydrolysis pos pigment red Arginine dihydrolase pos growth at 42 pos flagella polor and monotricious. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcaligenes fecalis (formerly A. ordrans) is distinguished from bordatella bronchioseptica with which test? |
|
Definition
Urase rapid.
Alcaligenes fecalis is negative and bordatella bronchioseptica is urease positive. |
|
|
Term
| Flavobacterium spp. are easily distinguished from acinetobacter sppp. by which two test? |
|
Definition
| Oxidase and growth on Macconkey agar. |
|
|
Term
| A gram negative cocobacillus was recovered on chocolate agar from the CSF of an immunocompromised patient. The organism was non motile and positive for indophenonoxidase but failed to grow on macconkey agar. The organism was highly susceptible to pennicillin. The most probable identification is. |
|
Definition
Moraxella lacunata.
involved in infections with immunosuppressed. highly susceptible to pennicillin. |
|
|
Term
| Centramede agar is used as a selective isolation agar for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A specimen form a 15 year old female burn patient was cultured after debridement, and the following results were obtained. Oxidase positive Lysine decarboxylase negative Catalase positive motility positive Ornithene decarboxylase negative Glucose positive for oxidation (open tube) Arginine dihydrolase positive Maltose negative for open tube pennicillin resistant Aminoglycosides susceptible \ colitan susceptible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A yellow pigment producing organism that is oxidase positive, nonmotile and does not grow on macConkey is |
|
Definition
| Flavobacterium menenigiosepticum |
|
|
Term
| Which reagent is used to develop a red color indicative of a positive reaction in the nitrate test? |
|
Definition
| Sulfanillic acid and alpha- napthylamine |
|
|
Term
| A culture from an intra abdominal abcess produced orange tan colonies on blood agar that gave the following results Oxidase positive Nitrate reduction positive KIA alk/alk H2S pos Motility single polor flagellum DNase positive Ornithene decarboxylase positive The most likely identification is |
|
Definition
| Shewanella (pseudomonas ) putrifaciens |
|
|
Term
| Flavobacteriun spp. and B. cepacia are easily differentiated by: |
|
Definition
| Motility. cepacia are motile flavobacterium are nonmotile |
|
|
Term
| A 15 year old female complained of severe eye irritation after removing her soft contact lenses. A swab of the infected right eye was obtained by a opthamologist who ordered a culture and sensitivities. the culture was plated on blood agar and macconkey agar . At 24 hours the growth of a gram negative rod that test cytochrome oxidase positive was noted . The muller hinton sensitivity plate showed a bluish green lawn of growth that proved highly resistant to most antibiotics tested except amikacin , tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. the most likely identification is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pseudomonas spp. is associated with the following virulence factors. enterotoxin A, endotoxins, proetolytic enzymes, antimicrobial resistance and production of alginate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 20 year old horse groomer exhibited a glanders like infection. His history indicated he had suffered open wounds on his hands two weeks before the swelling of his lymph nodes. A gram negative rod was recovered from a blood culture that grew well on blood and macconkey agars. Most of the biochemical test were negative, including the cytochrome oxidase test. What is the most likely identification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A vietmnam war veteran presented with a glanders like infection (meliodosis). Several blood culters produced gram negative rods that were cytochrome oxidase positive, oxidized glucose and xylose, and grew at 42. the most likely organism is |
|
Definition
| Burkholderia pseudomallei |
|
|
Term
| Cytochrome oxidase positive, nonfermentive gram negative bacilli were recovered from the stool of a cystic fibrosis patient. The isolates produced wet(mucoidy) colonies on blood aagar. Which identification is most likely? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A visitor to south america who returned with diarrhea is suspected with being infected with V. cholerae. Select the best medium for the recovery and identification of this organism. |
|
Definition
| TCBS agar. The growth of yellow colonies on TCBS agar, citrate utilization and acid from sucrose is diagnostic for V.C |
|
|
Term
| A curved gram negative rod producing oxidase positive colonies on blood agar was recovered from a stool culture. Given the following results what is the most likely identification?, VP NEG TCBS AGAR GREEN COLONIES, UREASE NEGATIVE LYSINE POS, ARGININE NEGATIVE, INDOLE POSITIVE LACTOSE NEGATIVE, KIA ALK/ACID STRING TEST NEGATIVE, |
|
Definition
TCBS AGAR GREEN COLONIES,
VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS |
|
|
Term
| A gram negative S shaped rod recovered from selective media for Cappylobacter species gave the following results.CAt pos, Oxidase pos, motility pos, hippurate hydrolysis pos, Growth at 42C pos, Nalidixic acid susceptible, grape order negative. |
|
Definition
| Campylobacter jujeni are the ones that hydrolyze hippurate |
|
|
Term
| What atmospheric condition is needed to recover Campylobacter spp. from specimens inoculated onto a Campy-selective agar at 35C and 42C |
|
Definition
| 5% O2, 10%CO2, and 85% N2. |
|
|
Term
| Which group of test best differentiates Helicobacteer pylori from C.jejuni |
|
Definition
| Urease, nitrate and HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS.(jejuni) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test test should be done first in order to differentiate Pleasiomonas shigellosis from Shigella species on selective enteric agar? |
|
Definition
Oxidase... P. shigellosis is a lactose nonfermenter that will resemble Shigella spp. on macconkey agar
P. shigellosis is the only enterobacteriacae that is oxidase positive |
|
|
Term
| What is the best two test to differentiate A. hydrophillia from P. shigellosis |
|
Definition
| DNase and VP. Both of these bacteria cause diarreah grow well on enteric agar , and may be confused with enterobacteriaceae, Both organisms are positive for oxidase, motility, indole, and lysine decarboxylase. A. hydrophillia is beta hemolytic on blood agar. |
|
|
Term
| Which genus ( in which most species are oxidase and catalase positive) of small gram negative cocobacillus is mainly associated with animals but may cause endocarditus, bacteremia and wound and dental infections in humans. |
|
Definition
| Actinobacillus ( its main habitat is the mouth) |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test may be used to differentiate Cardiobacterum hominus from Actinobacillus spp. |
|
Definition
| Indole. Cardiobacterum hominus is a gram negative cocobacillus similar to Actinobacillus it is a cause of endocarditus. c. hominus are oxidase positive and negative for nitrate reduction. |
|
|
Term
| A mixture of slender gram negative rods and cocbacilli with rounded ends was recovered from blood culture following a patients root canal surgery. Given the following results after 48 hours what is the most llikely organism. cat neg, Ornithine pos, urease neg, lysine pos, oxidase pos, X and V requirement Neg, Indole neg, growth on blood and chocolate agar pos ( with PITTING) of the agar, Carbohydrate neg, growth on Macconkey agar neg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kingella Kingae is usually associated with which type of infection? |
|
Definition
| Endocarditus. \ King the big one... |
|
|
Term
| Cultures obtained from a dog bite wound produced yellow, tan and slightly pink colonies on blood and chocolate agar with a margin of finger like projections. appearing as a film around the colonies. Given the following results at 24 hours, which is the most likely organism? oxidase pos, cat pos, growth on macconkey neg, motility neg. |
|
Definition
| Capnophaga. normal flora in humans , however infectious from a dog bite. |
|
|
Term
| Smooth gray colonies showing no hemolysis are recovered from an infected cat scratch on blood agar and chocolate agar. The organisma are gram negative pleomorphic rods that are both catalase positive and oxidase positive. The most likely organism is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which media should be used to recover bordetella pertusis from nasopharangel specimens, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which media is recommended for the recovery of brucella spp from blood and bone marrow. |
|
Definition
| Biphasic castenega bottles with brucella broth. |
|
|
Term
| In addition to CO2 requirements and biochemical characeristics, brucella melitensis and brucella abortus are differential by growth on media containing which two dyes. |
|
Definition
Basic fusion and thionin
Abortus is negative for thionin. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following amino acids are required for the growth of francisella tularensis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which medium is best for recovery of legionella pneumophilia from clinical specimens. |
|
Definition
Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar.
CYE agar |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus influenza, which requires X and V factors for growth, can be differentiated from subspecies Haemophilus aegyptis by which two test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus spp. that requires the V factor (NAD) are easily recovered from which agar plate. |
|
Definition
Chocolate, the V factor is NAD must be released from RBCS before it can be assimilated by Haemophilus sp.
the RBCs are lysed in chocolate agar. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the folowing products is resopnsible for satellite growth of heamophylilus spp. around colonies of staphylococcus and Neisseria spp. on sheep blood agar. |
|
Definition
NAD.
Beta hemolysins lyse the RBCs and release the NAD |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following plates should be used in order to identify Haemophilus haemolyticus.and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus? |
|
Definition
Horse blood agar and muller hinton agar with X and V factor added.
you need something with hemolysis to tell the two apart. haemolyticus is hemolytic. |
|
|
Term
| The majority of Haemophilus influinza infections are caused by which of the following capsular serotypes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Haemophilus species is generally associated with endocarditus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Haemophilus species is difficult to isolate and recover form genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of strains of haemophilus influenza that are resistant to ampicillin? |
|
Definition
| Production of beta lactamase enzyme. Roughly 20% of h. flu strains produce B-Lactamase, which hydrolyses and inactivates the beta lactam ring of ampicillin and penicillin. |
|
|
Term
| A small gram negative cocobacilla recovered from a CSF of a two year old. gave the following results indole pos, Glucose acid, X requirement positive, V requirement positive, Urease positive, lactose neg, sucrose neg, hemolysis neg, |
|
Definition
| not hemolyticus.... because not hemolyzed... INFLUENZA |
|
|
Term
| The delta ALA test (for porphyrins) is a confirmatory procedure for which test used for the identification of haemophylus species. |
|
Definition
| X factor.... you could make a mistake because you could have picked a hemolytic bacteria or scooped up some agar.. |
|
|
Term
| The test used most often to separate the Micrococcaceae family from the streptococcus family is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Micrococcus and staphylococcus species are differentiated by which test? |
|
Definition
| Fermentation of glucose (OF)tube Miicrococcus dont ferment. (closed tube) |
|
|
Term
| Lysostaphin is used to differentiate staphylococcus from which other genus |
|
Definition
Micrococcus.
staphylococcus is susceptible to lysostaphin |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is used to identify Staphylococcus aureus? |
|
Definition
| Slide coagulase, tube coagulase and latex agglutination. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following enzymes contribute to the virulence of staph auerus |
|
Definition
| Haluronidase and beta lactamase. |
|
|
Term
| Which staphylococcus species in addition to staph aureus also produces coagualse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphyococcus epidermidis (coagulase negative) is recovered from which of the following sources. |
|
Definition
| Prostetic heart valves, Intervenous catheters , Urinary tract. 50-80% of all coagulase negative staph. |
|
|
Term
| Slime production is associated wiith which staphylococcus species. |
|
Definition
| S. epidermidis. produces extracellular slime that enhaces the adheasion |
|
|
Term
| Strains of staphylococcus species resistant to the beta lactam antibiotics by standardized disc diffusion and broth microdilution susceptibility methods are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus is best differentiated from staphylococcus epidermidis by resistance to |
|
Definition
| 5 micrograms of novobiocin. |
|
|
Term
| The following results were observed by using a tube coagulase test coagulase at 4 hours positive. Coagulase at 18 hours negative. Novobiacin sensitive Hemolysis on blood agar positive. Mannitol salt positive DNase positive |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus aureus can produce fibrinolysins that dissolve the clot formed by the coagulase enzyme. it is still positive. |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus aureus recovered from a wound culture gave the following antibiotic sensitivity pattern by the standardized kirby bauer method Pennicillin R, Ampicillin S, Cephalothin R, cefoxitin R, Vancoumycin S, Methcillin R, What is the drug of choice for treating this patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test should be used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus intermedius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gram positive coccus recovered from a wound ulcer from a 31 year old diabetic patient showed pale yellow creamy. beat hemolytic colonies on blood agar. given the following results what is the most likely identification. Cat pos, Glucose OF positive open tube, negative sealed tube. Mannitol salt Neg slide coagulase neg. |
|
Definition
| Micrococcus is sealed tube NEGATIVE remember that. |
|
|
Term
| Urine culture from a catheter from an 18 year old female patient produced more than 100,000 col/mL on a CNA plate. Colonies were catalase pos. coagulase neg by the latex agglutination slide method as well as the tube coagulation test . The best singular test for identification is. |
|
Definition
| Novobiocin susceptibiity. |
|
|
Term
| A staphylococcus spp. recovered from a wound (cellulitus) was negative for the slide coagulase test (clumping factor) and negative for novobiocin resistance. The next test needed for identification is |
|
Definition
| tube coagulase, Beta hemolysis on blood agar, Mannitol salt agar plate, |
|
|
Term
| Furazolidone susceptibility is a test used to differentiate |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus from micrococcus spp. Staphylococcus are susceptible giving zones of inhibition that are 15 mm or greater. |
|
|
Term
| Bacitracin resistance (0.04 unit) is used to differentiate: |
|
Definition
| Planococcus from micrococcus. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test will rapidly differentiate micrococci from staphylococci? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus species exhibit the following properties. |
|
Definition
| Facultative anaerobe, oxidase negative, catalase negative. |
|
|
Term
| Which group of streptococci is associated with erythrogenic toxin prodction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A four fold rise in titer of which antibodies is the best indicator of a recent infection with group A beta hemolytic streptoocci? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacitracin A disks (0.04 unit) are used for the presumptive identification of which grop of beta hemolytic streptococci. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) disks are used along with bacitracin disks to differentiate which streptococci |
|
Definition
beta hemolytic streptococci.
ONLY |
|
|
Term
| Beta hemolytic streptococci not of group A or B usually exhibit which of the following reactions. |
|
Definition
SXT Susceptible
bacitracin is variable |
|
|
Term
| A false positive camp test for the pesumptive identifivcation of group B strep may occur if the plate is incubated in |
|
Definition
| a candle jar or CO2 incubator. It must be incubated in ambieant air. CAMP in air, |
|
|
Term
| Which test is used to differentiate the viridans strep from the group D strep. and enterococci? |
|
Definition
| Bile esculin test. can they grow in the presence of bile. group D can and cause a blackened butte. Viridans strep are negative. |
|
|
Term
| The bile soluability test causes the lysis of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S. pneumoniae and the viridans strep can be differentiated by which test |
|
Definition
| Optichin. inhibits s pneumo but NOT the viridans. |
|
|
Term
| The salt tolerance test (6.5% salt broth ) is used to presumptivily identify |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to Enterococcus feacalis, which other strep will grow in 6.5% salt broth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The quelling test is used to identify which streptococcus spp. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The L-pyrrolidonyl B-napthylamide (PYR) hydrolysis test is a presumptive test for which streptococcus. |
|
Definition
| Group A and group D enterococcus. |
|
|
Term
| A pure culture of beta hemolytic strep recovered from a leg wound ulcer gaqve the following reactions. CAMP neg Hippurate hydrolysis negative Bile esculin negative 6.5% salt negative PYR neg Bacitracin R Optichin R SXT sensitive |
|
Definition
| Non-grp A, non-grp B, Non-grp D. |
|
|
Term
Beta hemolytic streptococci, more than 50,000 col/mL were isolated from a urinary tract catheter. given the following reactions, what is the most likely identification?
CAMP neg
Hippurate hydrolysis pos/neg
Bile soluability neg
6.5% pos
PYR pos
bile esculin pos
SXT R Bacitracin R Optichin R |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutritionally variant streptococcus (NVS) require specific thiol compoundsn cysteine, or the active form of vitamine B6, Which test supplies these requirements? |
|
Definition
| Staphlococcus cross streak accross the NVS innoculum, provides the nutrients needed, Very small colonies of NVS can be seen growing adjacent to the staphylococci streak on the blood agar plate in a manner similar to the satellite phenomenon of haemophylus spp. around S. aureus |
|
|
Term
Many alpha hemolytic strep recovered from a wound were found to be pennicillin resistant Given the following results What is the most likely identification? Bile esculin pos PYR pos 6.5% salt pos Hippurate hydrol pos
Bile solubility neg
SXT resistant |
|
Definition
| E. faecalis the key is the penicillin resistance... |
|
|
Term
| Which two test best differentiates S. bovis (group D streptococcus , enterococcus) from strep salivarius |
|
Definition
| Starch hydrolysis and acid production from mannitol. S. bovis and S. salivarius are similar... only S. bovis is positive for mannitol and starch reactions. |
|
|
Term
Two blood cultures on a newborn grew beta hemolytic strep with the following reactions CAMP test pos Hippurate hydreol pos Bile solubility neg
Bacitracin R Bile esculin Neg PYR neg SXT R |
|
Definition
| Group B S. agalactiae are resistant to both bacitracin and SXT. |
|
|
Term
| MTM medium is used primarily for the selective ecovery of which organism from genital specimens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Variaton in coloney types seen with fresh isolates of Niesseria gonorrhoeae and sometime with Niesseria meningitidis are the result of: |
|
Definition
| Multiple nutritional requirements, Pili on the cell surface, and use of a transparent meduim. |
|
|
Term
| Gram negative dipilococci recovered from an MTM plate and giving a positive oxidase test can be presumptively identified as: |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrhea, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica. |
|
|
Term
| The superoxol test is used a a rapid presumptive test for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonpathogenic Moraxella spp. capable of growing on selective media for Neisseria can be differentiated from Neisseria spp. by which test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gram stain on a uretheral discharge from a man showing extracellular and intracellular gram-negative diplococci within segmeneted neutrophils is presumptive for |
|
Definition
| Neisseria gonorrheae. this is not true for weomen |
|
|
Term
| The beta-galactosidase test aides in the identifiation of which Neisseria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cystine tryptic digest (CTA) media used for identification of Neisseria spp. should be inoculated and cultured in: |
|
Definition
| A non-CO2 incubater at 35C for up to 72 hours. |
|
|
Term
| Culture on MTM media of a vaginal swab produced several colonies of gram negative dipilococci that were catalase and oxidase positive and superoxol negative. Given the folowing reactions what is the most likely identification.? glocose pos sucrose neg lactose pos maltose pos fructose neg |
|
Definition
| Neisseria Lactamica is the only spp that grows on MTM and utilizes LACTOSE |
|
|
Term
| Sputum from a patient with pneumonia produced many colonies of gram negative diplococci on a chocolate plate that were also present in fewer numbers on MTM after 48 hours. What is the most likely identification? Cat pos oxi pos DNase pos tributyrin hydrolysis pos Glu neg suc neg Lac neg Mal neg Fru neg |
|
Definition
| Moraxella catarralis stunted growth on MTM, DNase pos. |
|
|
Term
Anaerobes.
A large gram positive spore forming rod growing on blood agar as large raised beta hemolytic colonies that spread and appear frosted green gray glass is most likely a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus can best be differentiated by which test |
|
Definition
| Motility and beta hemolysis on blood agar. |
|
|
Term
| What is the specimen of choice for proof of food poisoning by Bacillus cereus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacillus anthracis culture obtained from a wound specimen produced colonies that had many outgrowths (medusa-head appearance), but were not beta hemolytic on sheep blood agar. What test should be preformed next |
|
Definition
| penicillin 10unit susceptibility test Bacillus anthracis is susceptible but other Bacillus is not. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following test should be performed for initial differentiation of listeria monocytogenes from group B streptococci. |
|
Definition
| Gram stain, motility at room temp, catalase. |
|
|
Term
| Culture of a finger wound specimen from a meat packer produced short gram positve bacilli on a blood agar plate with no hemolysis. Given the following test results at 48 hours, what is the most likely identification. cat neg H2S/TSI pos Motility wet prep neg Motility media neg bottle brush growth in stab culture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A non-sporeforming slender gram positive rod froming palisades and chains was recovered from a vasginal culture grew well on tomato juice agar. The most likely identification is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A corynebacterium secies recovered from a throat culture is considered a pathogen when it produces |
|
Definition
| A pseudomembrane in the nasopharynx, an exotoxin, Gray black colonies with a brown halo on tnisdale agar |
|
|
Term
| A presumptive diagnosis of gardnerella vaginalis can be made using which of the following findings. |
|
Definition
| Oxidase and catalase(neg), pleomorphic bacilli heavily colonized on vaginal epithelium Hippurate hydrolysis. |
|
|
Term
| A gram positive branching filimentatious organism recovered from a sputum specimen was recovered from a sputum and found to be positive with a modified acid fast stain method. what is most likely? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Routein Laboratory testing for treponema pallidum involves: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spirochetes often detected in the hemotology laboratory, even before the physician suspects the infection are. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following organisms is the cause of lyme disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The diagnostic method most commonly used for the identification of lyme disease is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary atypical pneumonia is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism typically prodices fried egg colonies on agar within 1-5 ays of culture from a genital specimen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Manganous chloride-urea test is used for the identification of which organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A gram positive gram variable, beaded organism with diabetic branching was recovered from the sputum fo a 20 year old patient with leukemia. the specimen produced orange glabrous , waxy colonies on middle brook agar that showed partial acid fast staining with the modified kenyoun stain. What is the most likely identification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab stained with loeffler methylene blue stain showed various letter shapes and deep blue, metachromatic granules, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the best, rapid, noncultured test to preform when gardenerella vaginalis is suspected in a patient with vaginosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ANAEROBIC BACTERIA. Obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and microaerophilic are terms referring to bacteria requireing: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following most affects the oxidation reduction potential (Eh or redox potential) of media for anaerobic bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the medium of choice for the selective recovery of gram negative anaerobes? |
|
Definition
| Kanamycin-vancoumycin (KV agar) |
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic bacteria are routinely isolated from all of the following except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methods other than packaged microsystems used to identify Anaerobic bacteria include |
|
Definition
| GLC gas liquid chromotography |
|
|
Term
| Which broth is used for the cultivation of Anaerobic bacteria in order to detect the volitile fatty acids as an aide to identification? |
|
Definition
| Prereduced peptone yeast extract glucose |
|
|
Term
| A gram positive spore forming bacillus growing on sheep blood agar anaerobically produces a double zone of beta hemolysis and is positive for lecthinase what is ID? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Egg yolk agar is used to detect which enzyme produced by Clostridium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following organisms will display lipase activity on egg yolk agar |
|
Definition
| C. botulism C. sporogenes C. novyi |
|
|
Term
| Which spore type and location is found on C. tetani. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram positive bacilli recovered from two blood cultures from a 60 year old diabetic gave the following results. Spores seen neg hemolysis + double zone Motility neg Lectithinase positive Volitile acids by GLC = acetic acid and butyric acid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mechanism is responsible for botulism in infants caused by C. botulism |
|
Definition
| Ingestion of spores in food or liquid. |
|
|
Term
| The classic form of foodborne botulism is characteristic by the ingestion of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test is performed in order to confirm an infection with C. botulinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Clostridium spp. causes pseudomembraneous colitis or antibiotic associated colitus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identification of Clostridium tetani is based on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obligate anaerobic gram negative bacilli that do not form spores grow well in 20% bile and are resistant to penicillin-2 unit disks are most likely: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Bacteroides spp. is noted for pitting of the agar and is sensitive to penicillin 2-unit disks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram negative bacilli produce black pigment and brick red flouresence when exposed to an ultra violet light source? |
|
Definition
| Porphyromonas spp. and Prevotella |
|
|
Term
The following characteristics of an obligate anaerobe gram negative bacilli best describe which genera :
Gram stain: long slender rods with pointed ends.
Clolnial appearance dry bread crumbs or fried egg appearace.
Penicillin 2-unit disks: susceptible
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which one is not an anaerobic cocci that stains gram positive?
Peptococcus
Peptostreptococcus
streptococcus
Veillonella spp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gram positive non-spore forming anaerobic rods most frequently recovered from blood cultures as a contaminant are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Clostridium Spp. is most often recovered from a wound infection with gas gang green? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram stain of a smaear taken from periodontal pockets of a 30 year old man with poor dental hygene showed sulfer granules containing gram positive rods (short diptheroids and some branched filiments). Colonies on blood agar resembled molor teeth in formation, The most likely organism is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes is done by which of the following methods? |
|
Definition
| Micro-tube broth dilution |
|
|
Term
MYCOBACTERIA 7.8 Harr
The best specimen for the recovery of mycobacteria from a sputum sample is:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What concentration of sodium hydroxyide (NaOH) is used to prepare a working decontamination solution for the processing of not normally sterile specimens for mycobacteria: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most appropriate non-selective medium for the recovery of mycobacteria from a heavily contamnated specimen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycobacteria stained by Ziehl-Neelsen or Kinyoun methods with methylene blue counter stain are seen microscopically as: |
|
Definition
| Bright red rods against a blue background |
|
|
Term
| Acid fast of a smear prepared from a digested sputum showed slender, slightly curved, beaded red mycobacterial rods. Growth on middlebrook 7H10 slants produced buff colored microcolonies with a surpentine pattern after 14 days at 37C. Niacin and nitrate reduction test were positive. What is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism associated with cattle, causes tuberculosis in humans, especially in regions where dairy farming is prevelent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism are used as controls for rapid growers and slow growers? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What Mycobacterium is produced pigmented colonies in the dark (is a scotochromogen)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Mycobacterium is associated with a skin infection: |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium haemophilum
Mycobacterium ulcerans
not
Mycobacterium kansasii
|
|
|
Term
| All of the following Mycobacterium spp. produce the enzyme to convert niacin to niacin ribonucleotide except: |
|
Definition
|
|
