Term
Anaerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anaerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anaerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Anaerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aerobic Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
Members of enterobacteriaceae |
|
|
Term
Oral cavity normal flora associated with acute endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Oral cavity normal flora associated with subacute endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Major reservoir of bacteria in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
Bifidobacterium (probiotic bacterium) |
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal flora of the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cariogenic biofilm formation and lactic acid production can lead to dissolution of tooth enamel known as a dental caries, which bacteria is mainly responsible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Swelling, erythema, gum recession, bone resorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early colonizers of periodontal biofilm formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
late colonizers of periodontal biofilm formation |
|
Definition
Gram - bacteria (Tannerella forsythus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Treponema) |
|
|
Term
Bacterial products leading to inflammatory response in periodontal disease |
|
Definition
Endotoxins and volatile sulfur products |
|
|
Term
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis (trench mouth, vincents angina)is caused by what bacteria |
|
Definition
Synergistic infection involving: Treponema vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum |
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|
Term
This bacteria causes gastritis and gastric ulcers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sharp burning pain emanating from the abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gram (-), vibrio with 6 polar-sheathed flagella (highly motile) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Provides alkaline environment by converting urea into ammonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acting as an antigen patients show elevated levels of IgA and IgG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Uses flagella to move through mucus to stomach lining and resist effects of peristaltic flushing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Adherence to epithelial cells using an adhesin which is the same molecule found on human O type RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Humans are primary reservoir, person to person transmission through fecal oral or oral fecal, worldwide incidence is high |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diagnosis using endoscopic exam for lesions and biopsy specimen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diagnosis using noninvasive urea breathe test (UBT) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Can Diagnosis through ELISA but endoscopy may be required for confirmation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treat with antibiotics plus acid suppressors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bacteria causing acute bacterial diarrhea |
|
Definition
Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae, |
|
|
Term
Frequent loose, watery stools, abdominal cramps and pain, fever, bleeding, dizziness from dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmitted by contaminated food, treatment is variable, most cases are self limiting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gram (-) bacilli with flagella, member of enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
More than 200 serotypes based on O and H antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Obstruction of small intestine leads to colonization of bacterium from the large intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cause most cases of salmonellosis |
|
Definition
variants Paratyphi, Hirschefeldii, Typhimurium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Salmonella responsible for typhoid fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ability to grow in M cells of pyers patches and nonactivated macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pathogenicity islands contain adhesins responsible for entry and possible systemic spread, also contains an endotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ingestion of organism>absorbed to epithelial cells in terminal SI>penetrate cells and migrate to lamina propria>multiply in lymphoid follicles>PMNs confine infection to GI>inflammtion causes release of prostaglandins>hypothalamus>Inc cAMP>fluid secretion resulting in diarrhea |
|
Definition
Salmonellosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Spread of bacteria not confined to GI leading to prolonged disease and focal infections (osteomyelitis, pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, menigitis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
First week of infection contains no diarrhea>2nd week contains intracellular replication and prolonged bacteremia>Weeks 3-5 include includes infection of biliary system, rose colored spots and diarrhea |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Complications include intestinal perforation, bleeding, and pneumonia |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
One of the more common bacterial diseases in the US, caused by contaminated food (beef, poultry, eggs, dairy) |
|
Definition
Salmonellosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Large animal reservoir of: cattle, chickens, rodents, reptiles |
|
Definition
Salmonellosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Large number of bacteria are required for symptomatic disease so person to person transmission is not common |
|
Definition
Salmonellosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Human carriers (gall bladder) are the only known reservoir |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Major route of transmission is through water contaminated with human feces, low infectious dose so person to person spread is common, usually acquired in endemic areas of developing countries |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Diagnosis from isolation of fecal matter, serological tests determines O antigen, differentiate from shigella includes: motile, bile resistant, H2S and gas production from fermentation |
|
Definition
Salmonellosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Blood cultures during first 2 weeks of illness |
|
Definition
Septicemia and Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Treatment includes: replenish fluid loss, antibiotics are not used because they prolong the carrier state and do not shorten course of illness |
|
Definition
Salmenollosis, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Unlike salmonellosis treatment involves use of antibiotics |
|
Definition
Septicemia and Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Vaccine for poultry is used and has reduced incidence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vaccine available and effective, especially in children in locations where incidence is high |
|
Definition
Typhoid fever, Salmonella |
|
|
Term
Salmonella and typhoid fever are reportable diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Non motile, no H2S or gas production during fermentation, inhibited by high concentrations of bile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
H. pylori is a member of Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Shigella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Well known species of Shigella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Well known species of Shigella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Well known species of Shigella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virulence factor contains a shiga toxin, ability to induce phagocytosis grow within and kill host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Shiga toxin is an enterotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Demonstrates both cytotoxic and neurotoxic activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A-B toxin (A binds to ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis) damaging the mucosa and villi leading to bleeding and heavy secretion of mucus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lesions develop in the intestinal tract in stages: penetrate>spread>kill>histology shows micro ulcers or gross ulcers with sloughing epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Symptoms vary from asymptomatic to severe with abdominal cramps, blood and pus in stool. Disease runs its course in about 10 days |
|
Definition
Shigellosis-bacillary dysentery, Shigella |
|
|
Term
Humans are natural host, low infectious dose with high communicability, spread by direct fecal oral or mechanical route. Majority of cases occur in children 1-10 yoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the US and other developed countries this is the most common spp of Shigella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diagnosis by loose stool containing mucus and bright red blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fresh passed stool specimens for isolating bacterium, if stored too long, acid in feces will inhibit growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Negative Triple iron sugar test (TSI) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treat dehydration and fever, all infections treated with antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Shigella is a reportable disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Member of Enterobacteriaceae, normal flora of intestinal tract, cause many opportunistic and nosocomial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Small gram (-) rod with fimbriae and flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
O, H, K antigen determined for epidemiological studies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infects small intestine, 2 plasmid enterotoxins causing fluid and electrolyte loss, similar to cholera toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Primary cause of travelers disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infects the large intestine producing 2 cytotoxins, type III secretion system introduces bacterial products directly into gut epithelial cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
May cause a variety of illness including watery diarrhea followed by bloody diarrhea with little or no fever and Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most common serotype causing HUS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia with highest incidence in children <5 yoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Foods of animal origin are probably the major source of human infection, mainly hamburgers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Epidemic infantile diarrhea with non blood stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dysentery with scant, blood stools with mucus and PMNs like shigella, however, does not produce a toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infection occurs in adults and nosocomial infections in infants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmission is not person to person, rather via contaminated food or water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most common strains of Escherichia producing disease in developing countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In addition to ground beef, infection includes contaminated water, unpasteurized milk, fruit juice, uncooked vegetables, fruits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If suspected diagnosis stool cultures on MacConkey-sorbitol agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
diagnostic test used to differentiate EHEC from normal flora Escherichia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This medium contains bile salts that inhibit growth of gram (+) bacteria, pH indicator reveals fermentation of sorbitol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Does not ferment sorbitol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Assay for enterotoxins or presence of toxin genes on plasmids, serology and pulse field gel electrophoresis for epidemiology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antibiotic resistance is a problem, spread of R factors is common among strains of species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment for short term illness does not recommend antibiotics, long term illness does and infants (except for one strain) do recommend antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antibiotics increase risk of developing HUS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gram (-), vibrio like, wings of a seagull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Includes LPS, enterotoxin, flagella; bacteremia in some patients.ulcerated, edematous, and bloody invasion of mucosal surface, infiltration of lamina propria with neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infection varies from asymtomatic to acute gastroenteritis with liquid and/or bloody diarrhea. In older compromised individuals disease may appear as acute bactermia with inflammatory bowel and cause death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20-40% of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) cases are preceded by this bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Unknown mechanism causing acute paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Flora of mammals (pigs, cattle, dogs, cats, rabbits, and birds including poultry), contaminated water and other foods cause large outbreaks especially in developed countries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Campylobacter is a reportable disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Individuals at risk are those who are exposed to a large number of organisms and lack gastric acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fecal oral and person to person transmission occur but it is unlikely to be transmitted by food handlers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diagnosis: Use dark field microscopy and Campy BAP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Specialized media containing antibiotics to inhibit other fecal organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Grow best at reduced oxygen and 42C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment includes rehydration with electrolytes for mild cases, antibiotics for more sever cases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Causes GI tract disease found in cooler areas of the US |
|
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
|
|
Term
Causes sever abdominal pain sometimes mistaken for appendicitis |
|
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
|
|
Term
Gram (+), endospore forming, obligate anerobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The use can clindomycin, ampicilin, and cephalosprins may lead to pseudomembranous colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
May be resistant to antibiotic, gastric acid inhibitors may predispose over growth of bacterium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 enterotoxins, A and B, cause necrosis in the wall of the intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
source of infecting strain can be endogenous or exogneous, risk factors include antibiotic exposure, old age, female, and impaired intestinal motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Incidence varies with degree of hospital incidence with bacterial spores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Other than Clostridium difficile, this bacteria may cause antibiotic resistant colitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Use a combination of test for presumptive diagnosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treatment includes avoiding drugs that slow intestinal motility or broad antibiotics and substitute antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Probiotics and donor stool translplants are attempted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Large number of spores shed in stool, especially in hospital environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Short, gram (-) curved rod with polar flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Natural habitat is marine or brackish water but can survive in fresh water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A-B type ADP ribosylating toxin with 5 B and 2 A subunits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Toxin binds Gm1 gangliosides on host mucosal cells allowing A1 subunit to inhibit systhensis of G1 protein used to regulate adenylate cyclase which controlls cAMP levels. This leads to electrolyte imbalance and diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fecal oral transmission, human spread is increased by the bacterias ability to survive in fresh water as well as salt water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Human caries serve as reservoirs (2 type): convalescent sheds for several months after illness, chronic carrier is usually an older individual carrying the organism in the gall bladder with intermittent shedding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Theory of permanent reservoir in estuaries and marshes in tropical and subtropical areas of the world (India, bangladesh, gulf coast of US) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most cases involve contaminated seafood from gulf waters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
killed, whole cell vaccine does not provide long term immunity but is effective for travelers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vibrio cholerae is a reportable disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acute bacterial diarrhea with vomiting (food poisoning) |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens |
|
|
Term
Found in: custards, sauces, cream pastries, processed meats, chicken salad, ham that have been contaminated and left unrefrigerated for a few hours, heating food after toxin prevention may not prevent disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 clinical forms of food poisoning producing to enterotoxins: 1 emetic form and 1 diarrheal form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Incubation period of ~4 hr. Heat stable enterotoxin found in fried rice and vegetables. |
|
Definition
Emetic form, Bacillus cereus |
|
|
Term
Incubation of ~16-18 hours. Heat-labile enterotoxin associated with abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Found in contaminated meat and vegetables |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gram (+) spore forming, naturally present in soil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Non enveloped with a double layered protein capsid resistant to drying, detergents, and pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virus has a wheel like appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One of the proteins contains a viral enterotoxin. Group A are the major cause of of this virus worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Viral disease severe in infants <2 yoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Major cause of death in children <5 yoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cause of infant diarrhea (Human Infantile Gastroenteritis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain. Asymptomatic in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cell culture is not performed because it is difficult to cultivate virus from clinical specimen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virus spread primarily by fecal oral route. Asymptomatic shedding may occur, fomites can remain infectious at room temp for many months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Outbreaks in N America occur in fall, winter, spring. Worldwide occur throughout the year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Immunity after infection of this virus only lessens severity of subsequent infection. Protective immunity requires IgA in the gut lumen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virus is inactivated by chlorine and contains to live oral vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The initial vaccine for this virus was taken off the market due to intussesception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
No anti viral treatment available. Replenish fluid and electrolytes. Do not give fruit juices or soda due to high glucose content |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This virus has been known to bind blood group antigens in animal excretions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
More data is needed to conclusively call this a zoonotic virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most important non bacterial cause of acute gastroenteritis for all ages, worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sometimes referred to as stomach flu, although not related to influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Many different strains of this virus prevent lifelong immunity. Dehydration occurs in the very young, elderly, and weakened immune systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cruise ships are particularly vulnerable due to crowding, frequent passenger changes, and difficult decontamination in short time periods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Highly contagious virus spread through fecal oral, fomites, inhalation, direct contact. Day cares are a major source of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There is a vaccine and antiviral drugs for Norovirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of the 8 types of this virus, Type 1 is most commonly seen worldwide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infection is seen primarily in children <1 yoa suggesting lack of maternal antibodies. Incidence mostly in tropical climates during winter months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There is a vaccine and antiviral drugs for Astroviruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Symptoms include release of liver enzymes and classic icteric symptoms: jaundince, dark urine, and clay colored stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most common cause of acute hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most common cause of chronic hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Waterborne hepatitis viruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood borne hepatitis viruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood borne hepatitis viruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Blood borne hepatitis viruses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hepatitis that persists >6 mth is termed chronic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Liver damage due to hepatitis is not due to cytopathic effect bur rather immune mediated attack on infected hepatocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There is only 1 serotype of HAV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete recovery from this form of hepatitis is seen 99% of the time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Complete recovery from this form of hepatitis is seen 99% of the time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lab diagnosis of this virus is done by ELISA with early detection of anti___ IgM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmission of this virus is through fecal oral route (fresh or salt water in shellfish or contaminated sewage), sharing utensils, sexual, poor hygiene, and overcrowding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virus causes mild disease in children, abrupt onset in adults, worldwide incidence with no seasonal incidence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Virus contains a protease that cleaves an important component of the IFN signaling pathyway reducing type 1 interferon respone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antibody protection for HAV is lifetlong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If HAV vaccine is given within 2 weeks of exposure to illness there is an 80% efficacy in prevention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There is no antiviral treatment, however, Ig given within 2 weeks of exposure can prevent clinical illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Chlorine treatment does not kill HAV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Viral core contains DNA, RT, core antigen, and a specific glycoprotein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Viral envelope contains an immunogenic surface antigen which binds and block the action of neutralizing antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Serological diagnosis by profile of antibodies against core or surface antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Histological hallmark is a ground-glass hepatocyte cytopathology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Presence of this antigen indicates an active HBV infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Key diagnostic test for HBV infection is detection of this antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Appearance of this indicates decreased HBV replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmission for this virus includes: neonatal from mothers blood, sexual activity, IV drug use. At risk regions include China, Alaska, Africa, Pacific Islands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the USA prevalence of this virus is highest in asians, african americans, and native americans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Single serotype, vaccine includes the surface antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Requires HBVsAg to cause infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Smallest human pathogen known so far |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Viral RNA has ribozyme activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmission through blood, semen, vaginal secretion. May lead to chronic infection including enchephalopathy and massive hepatic necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
No Ig or vaccine available but HBV vaccine will indirectly prevent against this virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Acute infection is usually asymptomatic and may go undiagnosed. This sets up a chronic infection and predisposes the liver to cirrhosis and carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Long term consequences are more severe than HBV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Transmission: blood, needles, tattoo, piercing, circumcision, less frequently sex and perinatal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Treat with alpha-2 interferon alone or in combination with Ribavirin for large increases in ALT serum levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemolytic anemia is a side effect of Ribavirin, therefore Hg levels should be monitored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identified as the causative agent for non-A, non-B hepatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spread through fecal oral route and contaminated water, cases in Japan resulted in consumption of deer or pig meat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mortality rate higher than HAV especially for pregnant women in 3rd trimester |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Most problematic in developing countries: India, pakistan, nepal, burma, north africa, mexico |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Infection clinically indistinguishable from HAV and self limiting. Recently there has been development of an ELISA for Igm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Diarrhea, cramps, fever, leukocytosis, inflammation, necrosis |
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Definition
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