-IgE-Mediated

-Inherited

-20-30% of population has it

-Generalized Anaphyxis or Local Anaphylaxisf

-Causes most allergic reactions

(Hives, Hay Fever, Asthma)

-Allergic condition caused by an inhaled antigen

-Condition marked by itchy, teary eyes, sneezing and runny nose

-Rare, but more serious

-Antigen enters the bloodstream and becomes more widespread

-Effects entire body and can cause shock

-Desensitization

-Concentration of allergen gradually increased over time, until less sensitive (less IgE response)

-Cytotoxic

-Includes: Hemolytic disease of women, Transfusion reactions

-Cells destroyed through MAC and ADCC

-IgM induced

-Type 2 Hypersensitivity

-Basis = incompatibility of Rh factor between mother and child

-Types A, B, AB, or O

-AB+ = universal acceptor

-O = universal donor

-

-Delayed Cell Mediated Immunity

-T-Cells are responsible for reactions (can ocurr anywhere)

-Cause: contact dermatitis, tissue damage, and rejection of tissue grafts

-Mediated by T-Cells

-Cytokines initiate inflammation to attract macrophages, macrophages release mediators  

-Examples: Poison Ivy, Nickel in metal, latex

-Body usually recognizes self antigens, and destroys cells that would destroy self.

-May occur after tissue injury

-Response can be organ specific or widspread

-Thyroid Disease

-Type 1 Diabetes

-Lupus

-Rheumatoid Arthritis

-Myasthenia

-Killing dividing cells (Immunosuppressant)

-Controlling T-Cell signalling (Cyclosporin)

-Anti-Inflammatory Meds (Cortico)

-Replacement Therapy (Insulin)

-

-Marked by bodies inability to make and sustain an adequate immune response

-Primary/Congenital or Secondary/Acquired

-Rare

-Example:

1. Agammaglobulinemia: few/no antibodies produced

2. SCID: Neither T nor B lymphocytes are functional

3. Selective IgA

Secondary Immunodeficiencies

-Result from the environment

-Often result from the depletion of certain cells in immune system

AIDS

-Destroys helper T-Cells

Which of the following statements is true about ABO blood group system in humans?

All of the following are true of autoimmune disease, except:

One of the most serious secondary immunodeficiencies is:

-Mutualism

-Commensalism

-Paratism

-Dry and wet

-Acidic, basic and neutral

-warm and cool

-High and low pressure

-Nutrient rich and nutrient poor

-result of an immune response upon exposure to antigen

-Specific B and T cells are activated to give protection

Passive Immunity

-Occurs naturally during pregnancy 

-IgE antibodies cross placenta to fetus

1. The microbe must be present in every case of the disease

2. The organism must be grown in a pure culture from diseased hosts

3. The same disease must be produced when a pure culture of the organism is introduced to a host

4. The microbe must be recovered from the experimentally infected host

1. The virulance factor gene or its produce should be found in pathogenic strains of the organism

2. Mutating the virulance gene to disrupt its function should reduce the virulance of the pathogen

3. Reversions of the mutated virulence gene or replacement with the wild-type version should restore virulence to the strain

1. Incubation period

2. Illness

3. Convalescenes

Microbe mechanisms to prevent encounters with phagocytes

-C5a peptidase

-Membrane damaging toxins

-Capsules

-M protien

-Fc Receptors

-Proteins that are very damaging (specified)

-Neurotoxins, enterotoxins, cytotoxins

C. College students

(Effects: AIDs patients, Cancer patients, drug addicts, transplant patients)

-Obligate aerobe

-Gram+

-Complex lipid cell wall (acid fast, resistant to drying and chemicals)

-Infects a wide variety of species

1. Intestinal Epithelium

2. Brain Cells

3. CD4+ macrophages

4. CD4+ TH2 helper cells 

5. CD4+ TH1 inflammatory cells

1. Pneumocystosis (Fungal)

2. Toxoplasmosis (Protozoan)

3. Cytomegalovirus Disease (Viral)

4. Mycobacterial Disease (Bacterial)

Used by AIDs to copy its viral DNA inside the host cell

-Once made it is inserted into the host cells DNA

1. Kaposi's Sarcoma

2. B-Lymphocytic Tumors of brain

3. Cervical and Anal Carcinoma

Fever, fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea

Not: Blindness

tat, vpr, rev, vpu

Not: env

1. Herpes simplex of esophogus

2. Pneumonia

3. Invasive uterine cancer

4. Kaposi's Sarcoma

Not: Influenza

1. T-Helper cells

2. Intestinal Epithelium

3. Antigen presenting cells

4. Brain Cells

1. TM (tuberculosis)

2. RT

3. MA

4. CA

Not: CD4

1. Replication of HIV lyses the cell

2. Infected cells are destroyed by cytotoxic T cells

3. Infected cells are attacked by natual killer cells

4. Cells are killed by fusion and syncytium formation

most significant reservoirs of most communicatable disease

-Some bacteria can only exist and multiply in humans

-Where the disease multiplies and survives

-Reservoirs can be: Human, animal or environmental

-Harbor bacteria that can be pathogenic

-Soil, Bog

-Bacteria that have environmental reservoirs are nearly impossible to eliminate

Vaccination of a significant part of a population provides protection for those that are susceptable 

-Flu shot, DPT vaccine

A. Table

Inanimate objects that serve as pathogenic transmitters

-DDT (Pesticides)

-Dry cleaining

-PVC

-TCE, degreaser

-Nitroaromatic

-Synthetic Polymers

-Organochlorides

-Cant be broken down naturally

Mobilization

-Slubilization

-Protonation

-Chelation (siderophores; Fe, Pu)

-Methylation

Immobilization

Intracellular sequestration

-Crystalization, Precipitation

-Sorption

Used to kill caterpillars

-Opened them up to expose them to infection

Fungi that live within plant tissue

-Inhibit pathogen growth