Term
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Definition
| Substance produced by MO which kills or inhibits other MO |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance which kills or inhibits MO |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Antimicrobial agents? |
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Definition
Natural
Semisynthetic
Synthetic |
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Term
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Definition
| Agents that kill bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Agents that inhibit bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| The range of MOs adversely affected by drug |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Two drugs are greater than the sum |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of the activity of the individual antimicrobials |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs work independently from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| Interference between drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherent; an integral characteristic of MO |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in bacterial strain’s susceptibility to drug |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Inactivation by enzymes
Permeability barriers
Drug efflux
Low affinity target sites
Bypass mechanisms
Cross Resistance |
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Definition
| Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| R expressed when MO exposed to drug |
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Term
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Definition
| R expressed by entire population |
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Term
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Definition
| Some MOs express R within population |
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Term
| β-lactams bind to the ________ in the cell wall of the bacteria, weakening the cell wall structure. This eventually leads to cell lysis. |
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Definition
| Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP) |
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Term
True or False:
Some MOs produce enzymes called beta-lactamases |
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Definition
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Term
| What do beta-lactamases do? |
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Definition
| Cleave the Beta-lactam ring |
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Term
| What are 3 examples of Beta-lactamases |
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Definition
Penicillinase
Cephalosporinase
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) |
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Term
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Definition
| Porins transport some β-lactams into gram negative MOs |
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Term
| What are 2 examples of Low affinity PBPs |
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Definition
Penicillin-resistant pneumococci
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) |
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Term
| Are Low Affinity PBPs intrinisic or acquired? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 types of Penicillins |
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Definition
Natural penicillins
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Extended-spectrum penicillins
Beta-lactam & Beta-lactamase inhibitor combo |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Penicillin G
Penicillin V |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following considered:
Methicillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin |
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Definition
| Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs) |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
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Definition
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
-Aminopenicillins |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin |
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Definition
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
-Carboxypenicillins |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Azlocillin
Mezlocillin |
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Definition
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
-Ureidopenicillins |
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Term
| Name the 3 categories of Extended-Spectrum Penicillins |
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Definition
Aminopenicillins
Carboxypenicillins
Ureidopenicillins |
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Ampicillin & Sulbactam |
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Definition
| Beta-lactam & Beta-lactamase inhibitor combo |
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Ticarcillin & clavulanate |
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Definition
| Beta-lactam & Beta-lactamase inhibitor combo |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Cephalothin
Cefazolin |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following considered:
Cefamandole
Cefaclor
Cefoxitin |
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Definition
| Extended Spectrum Cephems |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Ceftizoxime
Cefoperozone
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime |
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Definition
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Term
What are the following considered:
Cefepime |
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Definition
| Extended Spectrum 4th Generation Agent Cephems |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Carbapenems (e.g., imipenem)
Monobactam: Aztreonam |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 types of Cephems |
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Definition
Narrow-Spectrum
Broad-Spectrum
Extended Spectrum
Extended Spectrum 4th Generation Agent
Extended Spectrum 5th Generation Agent |
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Term
What are the following considered:
Ceftaroline
Ceftobiprole |
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Definition
| Extended Spectrum 5th Generation Agent |
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Term
| Name the 5 Types of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors |
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Definition
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol |
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Streptomycin |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What are the following examples of:
Erythromycin
Azithromycin |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the adverse effect of Tetracyclines? |
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Definition
| Discolored teeth in children <8 years |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol? |
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Definition
| BM suppression, Aplastic anemia, Gray Baby Syndrome |
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Term
| Name 8 categories of Other Antibacterial Agents |
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Definition
Vancomycin
Quinolones
Sulfonamides & Trimethoprim
Rifampin
Metronidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Bacitracin
Polymyxins |
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Colistin
Polymyxin B |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the adverse effect of Rifampin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
What are the following examples of:
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Beta-Lactam Drugs |
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Definition
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams |
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Term
| What are the 6 types of Penicillins? |
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Definition
Natural
PRPs
Aminopenicillins
Carboxypenicillins
Ureidopenicillins
Beta-Lactam + Beta Lactamase Inhibitors |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Beta-Lactam + Beta Lactamase Inhibitors |
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Definition
Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate |
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Term
| What are the 5 types of Cephalosporins |
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Definition
Narrow spectrum (1st)
Extended spectrum (2nd)
Broad spectrum (3rd)
Broader spectrum (4th)
5th Generation |
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Term
| What are 4 types of Carbapenems |
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Definition
Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem |
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Term
| What is a type of Monobactams |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 5 types of Protein Synthesis Inhibitors? |
|
Definition
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol |
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Term
| What are 4 types of Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikcain
Streptomycin |
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Term
| What are 2 types of Macrolides |
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Definition
Eerythromycin
Azithromycin |
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Term
| What are 4 types of Other Antibiotics part A? |
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Definition
Glycopeptides
Quinolones
Sulfamides
Rifampin |
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Term
| What does Rifampin inhibit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Sulfamides inhibit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Quinolones inhibit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Glycopeptides inhibit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of Glycopeptides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a Narrow Spectrum Quinolone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a Broader Spectrum Fluoroquinolone |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 types of Other Antibiotics part B? |
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Definition
Metronidazole
Nirtofurantoin
Bacitracin
Polymixins |
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Term
| What does Metronidazole disrupt? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is Metronidazole effective against? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Nirtofurantoin damage? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Bacitracin disrupt? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What does Polymixins distrupt? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are 2 examples of Polymixins? |
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Definition
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