Term
| All electron donors use the same dehydrogenase complex. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical prokaryotic nucleoid contains multiple linear chromosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Darkfield microscopy is optimal for visualizing unstained microbial cells that are particularly small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pure culture technique requires microbe isolation, microbe transfer and pasteurization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Koch's postulates define the familial inheritance patterns sufficient to prove the genetic origin of a disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complex media enhance or discourage the growth of particular microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram-negative cells have an outer membrane external to their peptidoglycan layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein molecule function can be changed by denaturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reverse transcription is an exception to the Central Dogma of Biology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorophyll uses reversible oxidation and reduction of a centralized iron atom to carry electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plate counts can be used to enumerate dead microbial cells within a culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentation produces end products at a much lower average redox level than the substrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some prokaryotic cells secrete a protein s-layer to establish biofilms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic resistance is not a concern when treating tuberculosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbes represent around 20% of the Earth's biomass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a batch culture, primary microbial metabolites are generated during the balanced/exponential growth phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common method for liquid sterilization is filtration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total magnification power of a compound microscope is the product of the ocular and objective lens magnifications. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately 70% of a typical prokaryotic cell is water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photoautotrophs oxidize chemical compounds for energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I and Type II reaction centers accept electrons from cytochrome C or plastocyanin to return chlorophyll to its ground state. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A photosynthetic reaction center is efficient at absorbing light in the absence of pigment antenna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reverse TCA cycle is used by autotrophic bacteria for nitrogen fixation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most prokaryotic cells divide using binary fission |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins macromolecules are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Replication of the bacterial chromosome begins at the ori site. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyclic photophosphorylation is only used during autotrophic growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's simple microscope offered high quality images with less distortion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemoautotrophy allows some microbes to occupy unique ecological niches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein molecules at the tip of pili are termed adhesins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical prokaryotic cell has more than ten thousand ribosomes present in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All electron transport chains have a dehydrogenase protein complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological safety cabinets use pressurized steam to sterilize incoming air and prevent contaminated air from escaping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) permits 3-D visualization of specimens without the use of computer software |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic cells in ocean surface water use proteorhodopsins to make energy from colored light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ionic potential is generated from reduced nucleotides such as NADH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expression of the nitrogenase operon is regulated so nitrogen fixation is only initiated when other nitrogen sources are available. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most prokaryotic environments have higher solute concentrations than the cytoplasms of prokaryotes that live in them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shadow-casting SEM generates 3D images of internal cell structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic organisms come in a variety of different shapes and arrangements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest unit of life is a cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The growth temperatures of thermophiles span a range between 40°C and 80°C. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a model system for understanding prokaryotic growth, gene regulation and core metabolism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Photophosphorylation and respiration generate energy in the absence of ATP synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Mycobacterium envelope has a thick capsule that contains polysaccharides, proteins and mycolic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic inclusions are used for motility or the storage of metabolites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common archaeal envelope resembles the Gram-negative envelope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facultative anaerobes cannot grow in the presence of oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transpeptidation reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis is blocked by beta-lactam antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluorophores are illuminated by an emitter wavelength of light from a microscope lamp. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Twitching motility requires the attachment and retraction of type 3 pili. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Almost all prokaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane around their nucleoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An intact cell membrane is necessary for energy generation via respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Retinal-based photophosphorlyation requires only a single intermembrane protein complex to pump protons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic chambers are required for cultivating microaerophilic microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Batch culture growth passes through two distinct phases - growth phase and death phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The total magnification of a compound microscope is twice the magnification of the objective lens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fermentative microbes make ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA molecules are created from DNA template sequences via the process of translation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common CO2 fixation pathway is the Ljungdahl-Wood pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All archaeal envelopes contain a rigid pseudopeptidoglycan wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phase-contrast and darkfield microscopy both allow visualization of living organisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA gyrase is involved in prokaryotic genome supercoiling and replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nitrogenase enzyme requires 16 moles of ATP to fix one mole of dinitrogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardinal growth temperatures for each microbial species or strain can vary dependent on growth conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall is to prevent uncontrolled cytoplasmic expansion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arrangements of prokaryotic cocci can include individual cells, chains and clusters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methanogenesis is a form of anaerobic respiration found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transpeptidation connects peptidoglycan chains to create a sacculus structure in gram-negative bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbial fermentations generate energy in the form of ATP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phycobilins are light-harvesting complexes located within chlorosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Due to spontaneous mutations, a pure culture can develop many subpopulations that vary from the progenitor cells in nucleotide sequence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bioreactors in chemostat mode maintain constant nutrient concentrations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The coupling of transcription and translation contributes to gene regulation in prokaryotes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein synthesis is performed in polymerase complexes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluorescent microscopy relies on linking molecules to compounds called fluorophores. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires substantial fixation and staining of specimens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic inclusions are used exclusively for nutrient storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram-positive cells have an outer membrane to protect their peptidoglycan layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemoautotrophs utilize organic carbon compounds for biosynthesis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacillus subtilis endosporulation is a good model system for understanding developmental biology. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All microbial growth media are considered either selective or differential media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Freeze-etch EM allows better 3-D resolution of specimen surface features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biological safety cabinets use HEPA filters to prevent contaminated air from escaping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants and animals arose on Earth over three billion years ago |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorophyll uses reversible oxidation and reduction of a centralized magnesium ion to carry electrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polysaccharides are polymers of sugars linked by phosphodiester bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I photosystems use ferredoxin as an electron carrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autoclaving sterilizes materials using pressurized steam. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Joseph Lister developed post-surgical disinfection methods to prevent microbial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas (N2) is a form of anaerobic respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most prokaryotic cells divide using multiple fission. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bioreactors in chemostat mode are optimal for harvesting microbial cells or cell products. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic life appeared on Earth over two billion years before plant and animal life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA gyrase is involved in prokaryotic genome supercoiling but not genome replication. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In nitrogen fixation, ferredoxin reduces the nitrogenase two subunit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gliding motility can involve a slime extrusion mechanism or caterpillar mechanism for movement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All known electron transport chains require oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bunsen burners are used for sterilization in microbial transfer techniques. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obligate anaerobes are killed in the presence of small amounts of oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires substantial fixation and staining of specimens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Magnetosomes help bacteria distinguish north from south. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Planctomyces envelope has a protein layer located between two phospholipid membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common archaeal envelope is the S-layer envelope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The use of different electron donors requires the production of different dehydrogenase complexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methanogenesis is a form of anaerobic respiration exclusive to archaea. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Gram-positive envelope is comprised of a single phospholipid cell membrane with multiple external peptidoglycan layers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pure culture is a clonal population of genetically identical cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbial fermentations generate energy in the form of ionic potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arrangements of spiral prokaryotes include individual cells, chains or clusters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I reaction centers accept electrons from cytochrome C, while Type II reaction centers accept electrons from ferredoxin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyanobacterial photophosphorylation uses plastocyanin to return chlorophyll to a ground state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ability to distinguish between two tiny, close objects is called resolution. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tuberculosis is caused by Streptobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptidoglycan has cross-links formed by peptides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbial growth media are considered either complex or chemically defined media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered microbes in the 1700s after creating a high quality glass lens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteorhodopsins perform photophosphorylaton using chlorophyll instead of retinal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae endosporulation is a good model system for studying prokaryotic developmental biology. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common CO2 fixation pathway is the Calvin Benson cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The internal osmotic pressure of most prokaryotic cells is much lower than the osmotic pressure of the surrounding environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA and RNA macromolecules are polymers of nucleoside bases linked by glycosidic bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Noncyclic photophosphorylation requires a steady supply of electron donors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic osmoregulation involves maintaining a higher solute concentration in the cytosol than the external environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biosafety levels range from BSL4 for nonpathogenic microbes up to BSL1 for serious health threats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All microbes are prokaryotic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluorophores are illuminated by an exciter wavelength of light from a microscope lamp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical prokaryotic cell has only a few ribosomes present in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most prokaryotic environments are more dilute than the cytoplasms of prokaryotes that live in them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ionic potential is used in most energy-requiring biosynthesis reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins macromolecules are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorophyll-based photosynthesis cycles through excitation, oxidation, and reduction states |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas (N2) is called denitrification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stability of the dinitrogen bond makes nitrogen fixation an energetically expensive process |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immersion oil is used on light microscopes to increase the refractive index between the lens and a specimen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some prokaryotic cells can secrete capsular polysaccharides to establish biofilms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Darkfield microscopy is optimal for visualizing unstained microbial cells that are particularly small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) requires fixation and dehydration prior to coating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transmission electron microscopy removes the need for fixation and staining of specimens to provide better, more accurate images |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiration requires both an initial electron donor and final electron acceptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemoheterotrophs fix carbon dioxide for use in biosynthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins represent about 62% of the macromolecular weight of an average E. coli cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All archaeal envelopes contain a rigid pseudopeptidoglycan wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In chemoautotrophs, oxidation of electron donors often occurs in the cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Planctomyces envelope has a protein layer external to its cell envelope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The reverse TCA cycle is used by autotrophic bacteria for nitrogen fixation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic cells lack mitochondria and/or chloroplasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type II noncyclic photophosphorylation requires reverse electron transport to fix carbon dioxide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Robert Koch developed enrichment media for the growth and isolation of infectious disease agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polyamines neutralize the charge of DNA allowing compaction of the DNA within the nucleoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptidoglycan has cross-links formed by peptides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas vesicles provide nutrients to aquatic prokaryotic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Septation during binary fission is dependent on a ring of Min proteins at the equator of the cell after DNA replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemiosomotic potential can be converted to ATP by an enzyme called ATP interconvertase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generation time can be measured using spectrophotometry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type II reaction centers use quinone reductases to reduce quinone to quinol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered microbes in the early 1700s after creating a high quality compound microscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many chemoheterotrophs use fermentation to generate ATP when oxygen is absent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Central Dogma of Biology describes the transfer of genetic information as: RNA to DNA to protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical prokaryotic nucleoid contains a single, circular chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All archaeal envelopes contain a rigid pseudopeptidoglycan wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type I photosystems use quinone as an electron carrier |
|
Definition
| FALSE- (Type 1 uses ferrodoxin as a electron acceptor and cytochrome-C gives 2 electrons ) |
|
|
Term
| Flagella rotate by the entry of ions through the basal body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemically defined media are composed of exact amounts of purified compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic chambers are required for cultivating microaerophilic microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Haloarchaea photosynthesize using carotenoids instead of bacteriorhodopsins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Robert Koch developed post-surgical disinfection methods to prevent microbial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macromolecules comprise 87% of the dry weight of an average E. coli cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein synthesis is performed in ribosome complexes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The coupling of transcription and translation slows the genetic response to environmental change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In nitrogen fixation, ferredoxin reduces the nitrogenase one subunit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interdivision time can be measured using spectrophotometry |
|
Definition
| FALSE (interdivision should be generation) |
|
|
Term
| A pure culture of microbes is descended from one or more similar cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capsules form outside the cell envelope of some bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardinal growth temperatures are intrinsic to each microbial species or strain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The similarity of central metabolism pathways across organisms is evidence against universal descent from a common ancestor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptidoglycan has cross-links formed by glycan molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Teichoic acids are present in the peptidoglycan of Gram-positive organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In chemoautotrophs, oxidation of electron donors often occurs in the periplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The periplasm of a prokaryotic cell is a dense suspension of ribosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sterilization of media by an autoclave led to the development of Tyndalization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxidase-negative organisms lack both a cytochrome oxidase and a quinol oxidase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brightfield microscopy is optimal for visualizing unstained microbial cells that are particularly small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bioreactors in batch culture mode mimic the growth of most organisms in nature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Green sulfur bacteria have pigment antenna called phycobilins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas vesicles provide buoyancy to aquatic prokaryotic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiments helped prove Spontaneous Generation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Archaeal flagella are identical in structure to bacterial flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmonellosis can be controlled by the proper storage, handling and cooking of raw fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mesophiles are organisms that prefer growth under conditions of high extracellular solute concentrations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial cytokinesis is initiated by the MreB protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cyclic Type I/II photophosphorylation uses water as an electron donor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common method for liquid sterilization is autoclaving |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A typical prokaryotic nucleoid contains a single, circular chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two of the three domains of cellular life on Earth are exclusively microbial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic organisms contain sterols in their cell membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biosafety levels range from BSL1 for nonpathogenic microbes to BSL4 for serious health threats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An intact cell membrane is not used for energy generation by respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The small molecules of a prokaryotic cell are in constant flux |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MreB is a prokaryotic cytoskeleton protein expressed in rod-shaped microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since chemoautotrophs use electrons for carbon fixation, they produce less ATP than chemoheterotrophs |
|
Definition
|
|
