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| Dirty microscope slides should be placed |
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| in metal pan on front desk |
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| typical size for bacterium would be |
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G + rod treated with lysozyme in an isotonic solution. How will the bacterium most likely look when viewed with the microscope? |
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| Germ Theory of disease was developed in |
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3 domains divided into, how many are comprised of organisms that have nucleus? |
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| Purpose of staining bacteria to improve |
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| Function of peptidoglycans |
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| provide shape and osmotic protection to the bacterium |
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Vibrio cholera, G- bacteria, needs to attach to specific molecules on the surface of your intestinal cells in order to cause disease. Which one bacteria molecules structures do you think is most important for accomplishing that? |
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When we placed bacteria in spectrophotometer, the readings we got were not truly absorbance because |
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| particles cause light to scatter rather than be absorbed |
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Which term relates to the following: when one objective lens is in focus, all the objective lenses are in focus |
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Important biological molecule comprised of hydrophilic portion and long hydrophobic portion |
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| Edward Jenner vaccination found in what animal |
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| Solution 100x more acidic that pH 8 is pH |
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Crystalline pattern of proteins covering the outside of bacterium would be |
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| to direct swimming of bacterium downward |
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| First person to see microscopic organism |
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| Saved the French wine industry |
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| In Germany, he improved lab with the inention of agar |
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| Sprayed phenol on patients for aseptic surgery |
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| Found inside the bacterial cell |
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| Ability to see two individual points being separate is |
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| PHB, type of polymer made by bacteria in which the subunits are connected by ester bonds |
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| present in neither G+ or G- |
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| Peptidoglycan based cell wall |
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Same thing present in both with similar structure |
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| same thing present in both with similar structure |
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| recently discovered in some prokaryotes |
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Substrate concentration at which an enzyme is working half as fast as it can |
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NAM and NAG are two sugars |
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that form the major polymer chains in peptidoglycan |
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When the fluid within a cell has a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the fluid surrounding the cell, we say the fluid surrounding the cell is |
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Name two bacteria we have worked with in lab |
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| Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli |
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Arrange from smallest to largest |
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Carbon atom, sugar, virus, bacterium, and White Blood Cell |
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Gram stain-What would a Gram stain look like if the safranin was left out? |
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You are viewing a bacterium with the 40x objective lens in place. The bacterium appears to be 2mm long. What is it’s actual size? |
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What would you do to Mona Lisa’s picture to fix the fuzziness? |
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Adjust the resolution to make it more clear |
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In a capsule stain, a combination of negative staining and regular staining reveals the capsule and bacteria. What actually gets stained to make it negative? |
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The Background – the milk |
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Name 3 functions of the slime layer |
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prevent dehydration
absorb nutrients
protection from predators, WBCs
protection from biocides (as part of biofilms)
attachment to surfaces and site of attachment by others. |
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What are 3 characteristics of an enzyme? |
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•Have a distinct 3D shape essential for activity
•Are catalysts. 2 properties:
–Speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
•Lower activation energy by holding molecule in a favorable place
–Not consumed or permanently changed
•Biological: produced by living cells
•Highly specific
•Will react some with similar molecules especially if their concentration is high.
•Will react some with similar molecules especially if their concentration is high. |
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Membrane diagram: Teichoic acid, cell membrane, peptidoglycan, gram pos or negative? |
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