Term
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Definition
| The study of the frequency and distribution of diseases i the population |
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Term
| What are the two categories of diseases that are transmitted from one person to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which disease type has secondary cases resulting in longer epidemics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are noncommunicable diseases? |
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Definition
| Diseases that are not transmitted from one person to another |
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Term
| Give an example of a communicable or contagious disease |
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Definition
| Measles, colds, influenza |
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Term
| Give an example of noncommunicable disease |
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Definition
| Pneumonia, botulism, staphylococcal food poisoning |
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Term
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Definition
| Diseases that occur in any population at a normal rate |
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Term
| When is a disease classified as an epidemic? |
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Definition
| If the number of disease cases increases above its endemic rate |
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Term
| What is a local epidemic called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In what rate is epidemiologic data expressed? |
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Definition
| the number of cases (numerator) per unit of population (denominator) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cases per exposed population |
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Term
| What is the morbidity rate? |
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Definition
| Nonfatal cases per population |
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Term
| What is the mortality rate? |
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Definition
| Fatal cases per population |
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Term
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Definition
| New cases per population over a time period (day, week, month, year) |
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Term
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Definition
| Total cases per population at one point in time |
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Term
| What must all infections disease have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe direct transmission |
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Definition
| Contact between the source and case |
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Term
| Describe indirect transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe droplet (respiratory tract) transmission |
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Definition
| Organism is in a droplet of saliva and mucous; settles quickly and spreads about 3 feet |
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Term
| Describe airborne transmission |
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Definition
| Organism stays suspended in air (tuberculosis) |
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Term
| Describe vertical transmission |
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Definition
| Transfer of infection from the mother to the fetus before or during birth or breastfeeding. Can be transplacental or ascending,through the vagina |
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Term
| What is the an incubation period? |
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Definition
| The period between exposure and disease. |
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Term
| Does a lower or higher infectious does cause more cases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some epidemiologic factors that contribute to the contraction of a disease |
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Definition
Physiologic factors and general health: stress, malnutrition, crowding, underlying disease.
Age, gender
Cultural factors: exposure to risk by behavior
Genetic factors |
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Term
| What type of information do Infection disease investigators collect? |
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Definition
| Where and when each case occurred (person, place, and time) |
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Term
| What are nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| Infections acquired while staying at a hospital |
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Term
| What percent of nosocomial infections are acquired through the: urinary tract, surgical wound, lower respiratory, bloodstream. |
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Definition
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Term
| List 3 infection prevention strategies |
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Definition
| Handwashing, Barrier precautions, cleaning, disinfection, sterilization |
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