Term
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Definition
Steric hindrance preventing transpeptidation |
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Term
Why would you give Vancomycin orally? |
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Definition
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Term
What is Vancomycin used for? |
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Definition
Drug Resistant Gram (+) like MRSA & Entercolitis |
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Term
Is Vancomycin absorbed in the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
How would you give Vancomycin for a MRSA infection? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the adverse effects of Vancomycin? |
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Definition
1. Redman syndrome 2. Ototoxicity 3. nephrotoxicity |
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Term
Why do you get Red-man syndrome w/ Vancomycin? |
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Definition
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Term
Why wouldn't you give Vancomycin IM? |
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Definition
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Term
What's the MOA of Penicillin? |
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Definition
1. It binds to PBP and inhibits transpeptidation 2. May active autolysins |
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Term
What is the mechanism for resistance of penicillin? |
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Definition
1. b-lactamase cleaves b-lactam ring 2. Change in PBP |
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Term
Name 2 first generation penicillins |
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Definition
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Term
Why wouldn't you give Pen. G orally? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
For what organism would you give Penicillin? |
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. N. Meningitis 3. Clostridia 4. Syphilis |
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Term
Name a second generation Penicillin |
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Definition
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Term
Which bacteria woud you use Methicillin for? |
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. Staph aureus! |
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Term
Name 2 3rd generation Pencillins |
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Definition
1. Ampicillin 2. Amoxicillin |
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Term
Which organisms would you use 3rd gen. penicillin (amp. amoxicllin) for |
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. Enterococci 3. H. influenzae 4. E. coli |
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Term
What are the adverse effects of Penicillin? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the MOA of Cephalosporins? |
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Definition
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Term
Name 2 1st generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
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Term
For which organisms would you use first generation Cephalosporins (Cefadroxil, Cefazolin) |
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. Proteus 3. E. coli 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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Term
Name two 2nd generation Cephalosporins
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Definition
1. Cefaclor (oral) 2. Cefazolin (IV or IM) |
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Term
Which organism are suspectible to 2nd generation Cephalosporins (Cedadroxil & Cefazolin) Hint: 7 organism |
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Definition
Less gram (+) activity & more gram (-) 1. B. fragilis 2. H. influenzae 3. E. coli 4. K. pneumoniae 5. Neisseria 6. Enterobacter |
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Term
Name a 3rd generation Cephalosporin |
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Definition
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Term
Which organisms would you use a 3rd generation celphalosporin (Cefotaxime) HINT: 4 organisms |
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Definition
More gram (-) activity 1. Borreila burgdorferi 2. H. influenzae 3. Neisseria 4. Enterbacter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. Gram (-) rods |
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Term
What is Aztreonam used for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Ciprofloxacin 2. levofloxacin |
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Term
What the MOA of flouroquinolones |
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Definition
It interfers w/ topoisomerase II & IV (DNA gyrase) and stops transcription & replication |
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Term
What's the spectrum of flouroquinolones |
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Definition
1. Gram (-) rods 2. Neisseria |
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Term
What's the Mechanism of resistance for flouroquinolones? |
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Definition
Efflux pumps decrease intracellular concentration |
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Term
What are the adverse effects of flouroquinolones |
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Definition
1. GI distress 2. Skin rash 3. Superinfections |
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Term
What's the mechanism of action for Sulfoamides? |
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Definition
1. It's a PABA antimetabolite 2. inhibits bacterial dihydropteroate synthase 3. Prevents formation of Dihydropteroic acid 4. Inhibits folate synthesis |
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Term
What's the mechanism for Trimethoprim? |
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Definition
1. Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase 2. Prevents Tetrahydrofolic acid synthesis 3. Leads to inhibition of Tetrahydrofolic acid |
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Term
what's the spectrum for Sulfonamides? |
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Definition
1. Gram (-) & (+) 2. Chlamydia 3. Nocardia |
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Term
what are the adverse effects of sulfonamides |
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Definition
1. Hypersensitivity 2. Hemolytic anemia in G6PD-deficient 3. Nephrotoxicity |
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Term
What's the spectrum for Trimethoprim |
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Definition
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Term
Name three Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
1. Gentamicin 2. Amikacin 3. Streptomycin |
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Term
What ribosome subunit do aminoglycosides act on? |
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Definition
Preventing binding of f-Met in 30S |
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Term
What do Aminoglycosides require for transport? |
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Definition
1. oxidative phosphorylation 2. Needs a membrane potential |
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Term
What's the spectrum of Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
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Term
Mechanisms of resistance for Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
Inactivated by N-acetylation, O-adenylation & O-phosphorylation |
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Term
Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
1. Ototoxicity 2. Nephrotoxicity |
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Term
Name the places that aminoglycosides damage in the ear |
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Definition
1. Hair cells in the organ of corti 2. Damage to the auditory nerve |
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Term
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Definition
1. Chloretracyclin 2. Doxycycline 3. Minocycline |
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Term
Which subunit of the ribosome does tetracylcine act on? |
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Definition
Blocks transfer of tRNA into the accpetor site of 30S |
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Term
What's the spectrum of tetracycline? |
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Definition
1. V. chloera 2. Chlamydia 3. Mycoplasma 4. H. pylori 5. Brucella |
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Term
Mechanism of Resistance for Tetracycline |
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Definition
Plasmid mediated efflux pumps |
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Term
What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline HINT: 3 major ones |
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Definition
1. Tooth enamel dysplasia 2. bone growth irregularities 3. Photosensitivity like sunburn |
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Term
Which ribosomal subunit does Chloramphenicol bind to? |
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Definition
Binds to 50S subunit and inhibits peptide bond formation |
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Term
What's the mechanism of resistance Chloramphenicol |
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Definition
It's destroyed by chloramphenicol aceytl transferase |
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Term
What's the broad spectrum of Chloramphenicol |
|
Definition
1. Typhoid fever 2. Salmonella 3. H. Influenzae 4. N. meningitidis 5. Bacteroides 6. Rickettsia |
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Term
What's the adverse reaction of Chloramphenicol |
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Definition
1. Gray baby syndrome 2. Asplastic anema/bone marrow suppression |
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Term
How does Chloramphenicol cause grey baby syndrome |
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Definition
Decreases glucuronyl transferase that leads to a lack of glucuronic acid |
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Term
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Definition
1. Erythromycin 2. Clarithromycin 3. Azithromycin |
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|
Term
What subunit does Macrolides bind to |
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Definition
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Term
What's the spectrum of Macrolides HINT: 8 |
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Definition
1. Gram (+) 2. Chlamydia 3. Rickettsia 4. Chlamydia 5. Mycoplasma 6. Ureaplasma 7. Legionella 8. Corynebacterium |
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|
Term
Adverse effects of macrolides |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which ribosomal subunit does Clindamycin bind to |
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Definition
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Term
Mechanism of resistance for Clindamycin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. Gram (+) bone infections 2. Anaerobes |
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|
Term
Adverse effects of Clindamycin |
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Definition
1. C. difficile superinfection leading to pseudomembranous colitis |
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Term
Metronidzole is active only against ____ |
|
Definition
obligate anaerobes 1. It's nitro moiety becomes reduced and active |
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Term
Metronidazole interfers w/ what |
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Definition
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Term
Spectrum for Metronidazole |
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Definition
1. C. difficie (1st choice) 2. B. fragilis (endocarditis & CNS abscess) |
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Term
Metrodiazole is first choice for _____ |
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Definition
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Term
Adverse Reactions of Metrodiazole |
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Definition
1. Metallic taste w/ alcohol 2. Carinogenic or mutagenic in early prenancy |
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Term
Name the line drugs for TB |
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Definition
1. Isoniazid 2. Rifampin 3. Ethambutol 4. Pyrazinamide 5. Streptokinase |
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Term
Isoniazid inhibits what component of the cell wall |
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Definition
Mycolic acid which is unique to TB |
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Term
What are the adverse effects of Isoniazid |
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Definition
1. Peripheral & CNS effect 2. May damage the liver |
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|
Term
What component of transcription does Rifampin inhibit |
|
Definition
It inhibits DNA dependent RNA poly |
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Term
What's the spectrum for Rifampin |
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Definition
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|
Term
What is the adverse effect of Rifampin |
|
Definition
Red color to body secretions |
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|
Term
Ethambutol inhibits ______ which is a component of _____ |
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Definition
Polymerization of arabinogylcan Cell wall |
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Term
Pyrazinamide needs to be converted to ______, which is the _____ form |
|
Definition
pyranazoic acid active form |
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|
Term
Name the 3 drugs used for the treatment of leprosy |
|
Definition
1. Dapson 2. Rifampin 3. Clofazimine |
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|
Term
when would you use Clofazimine instead of Dapson |
|
Definition
In Dapson resistant strains |
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|
Term
What are the Adverse reactions of Clofazimine |
|
Definition
Turns skin red-brown or black |
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