Term
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Definition
| Use is very common, contains Chlorine and Iodine |
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Term
Chlorine
(Characteristics) |
|
Definition
Organic matter neutralizes
It is irritating to mucous membranes and corrosive
Inexpensive
Use fresh bleach only |
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Term
|
Definition
Disinfect inanimate objects, pools, drinking water, surfaces and waste water
Does not kill Giardia cysts nor Cryptosporidium oocysts in water supplies |
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Term
|
Definition
Dilution amount affects effectiveness
Does not kill endospores
does not sterilize
stains
many people are allergic |
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Term
|
Definition
disinfectants and antiseptics
Betadine is a common skin disinfectant, used to prepare skin before an incision |
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Term
| Phenolics (Formerly known as carbolic acid) |
|
Definition
Not reliable in killing viruses and spores
Effective even with organic material present
Leave a residue on disinfected surface
High conc. produces neurtoxicity, so can't be used for antiseptics but can be used in soaps, lotions, deodarant and toothpaste |
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Term
|
Definition
Hundreds available
Many are combined with halogens
Ex: triclosan, a phenol and a halogen --> good against Staph Aureus
used in antibacterial soap
Hibiclense to a good surgical scrub agent |
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Term
| Characteristics of Chlorhexidine |
|
Definition
Is mixed with any agents
Adheres and persists on skin and mucous membranes
Very low toxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
Used in antiseptics and soaps and lotions for cleaning skin
Can be impregnanted in catheters, surgical mesh and teeth sockets |
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Term
| Char of Alcohols (Conc must be 60-80% to be effective) |
|
Definition
Evaps quickly so use within time limits, this is how it kills m/os
Leaves no residue, relatively non toxic
Inexpensive
Damages some rubber and plastics |
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Term
|
Definition
OH in H2O is used for:
disinfecting some instruments and surfaces
Clean skin for injection
Added to other chemicals to enhance them |
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Term
| What are the three oxidizing agents? |
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Definition
| Ozone, Peroxygens and Hydrogen Peroxide |
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Term
|
Definition
Unstable form of Oxygen
POWERFUL
Breaks down very easily |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disinfect water, air, waste water and industrial air conditioners and cooling covers |
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Term
|
Definition
Are biodegradeable
Less toxic than Gluts and ETO |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increasing use as a sterilant |
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Term
|
Definition
versatile disinfectant
leaves no residue
works best outside the body
no damage to stainless steel, plastics, rubber and glass
can be stabilized to last several months in storage
bactericidal, fungicidal, and in high concs are sporicidal |
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Term
| Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide |
|
Definition
requires specialized equipment called a chemoclave if used as a gas (35%)
can use heated to sterilize juice and milk boxes
skin and wound cleansing especially if anaerobic orgs are suspected
vaporized to sterilize rooms
THIS AGENT IS THE CLOSEST TO MEETING THE CRITERIA FOR AN IDEAL CHEMICAL AGENT! |
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Term
| Peracetic acid characteristics |
|
Definition
potent germicide
works in presence of organic matter
no residue
unpleasant odor, hard on the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| H2O2 and Peracetic acid combined sterilizes in one hour |
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Term
| Characteristics of Metals (Silver) |
|
Definition
Most metals are too toxic to use
Avoid antiseptics with mercury such as merthiolate and mercurochrome |
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Term
|
Definition
Silver can be put in burn dressings for severe burns
Silver nitrate can be used in newborns eyes whose mothers have gonorrhea. AB drops are more commonly used |
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Term
Characteristics of Aldehydes
(Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde (Gluts)) |
|
Definition
10 to 12 hours to sterilize
10 minutes for some vegetative bacteria
Toxic, so rinse with sterile water |
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Term
|
Definition
2% alkaline glutaraldehyde
is a chemical sterilant for heat sensitive medical items
is used frequently |
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Term
| Char of Ethylene oxide gas |
|
Definition
destoys all orgs
penetrates into fabrics and equipment
good for sterilizing heat or moisture sensitive items
explosive and toxic - items must be aerated before use
damages lungs, eyes and mucous membs with direct contact |
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Term
| Uses of Ethylene Oxide Gas |
|
Definition
Implantable devices
Pacemakers and artificial hips
Eletrical equipment
Pillows and mattresses |
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Term
| Quats (Quarternary Ammonium compounds) Characteristics |
|
Definition
Easily inactivated by certain detergents and soaps
Do not work on endospores and viruses
Economical
Do not work on spores or some bacteria or viruses |
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Term
|
Definition
Disinfects and cleans inanimate objects
Preserves nonfood substances |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can grow on quats and are a common cause of nosocomial infections |
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