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| anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| smallest chemical units of matter |
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| negatively charged subatomic particles circling a nucleus |
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| structure containing neutrons and protons |
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| positively charged particles |
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| composed of a single type of atom |
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| equal to the number of protons in the nucleus |
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| sum of masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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atoms of given element differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei.
only the electrons of atoms interact, so they determine atoms chemical behavior |
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| electrons in outermost shell that interact with other atoms |
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combining capacity of an atom.
Positive if electron gives up.
Negative if has space to fill up.
Stable when full with 8. |
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| atoms combine by sharing or transferring valence electrons |
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| Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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| a molecule composed of more than one element |
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| sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms |
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| attraction of atom for electrons |
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| equal sharing of electrons around each nucleus. Similar electronegativity |
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| contain carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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unequal sharing of electrons due to significantly different electronegativities.
Partially positive
Partially negative
Has a charge |
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| Type of bond formed from the attraction of opposite electrical charges (electronegativities). Electrons are not shared. |
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weak forces that combine with polar covalent bonds.
electrical attraction between partially charged H+ and full or partial negative charge on same or different molecule. |
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| making or breaking of such chemical bonds |
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Endothermic- require energy
Anabolism |
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Exothermic- release energy
Catabolism |
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transfer reactions.
Metabolism |
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| Dissociates into one or more H+ and one or more anions |
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| Binds with H+ when dissolved into water. |
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| Prevent drastic change in internal pH |
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| Lipid. Triglycerides. Utilized to store energy. |
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Lipid- Establishes a membrane.
Charged with H2O
Uncharged with Lipids |
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Lipid- Protection. Resistant to drying.
Mycolic Acid- Acid Fast test. |
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| covalent bonds between amino acids |
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| composed of hundreds to thousands of amino acids. structure is directly related to function. |
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| DNA and RNA; the genetic material of organisms |
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Definition
Monomers that make up nucleic acids. composed of 3 parts
Phosphate
One of 5 Cyclic Nitrgeneous Bases
Pentose Sugar
-deoxyribose
-ribose |
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Term
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Definition
involved in intracellular interaction.
longterm, ready, energy storage. |
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| Monosaccharide- Carbohydrate |
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Definition
simple sugars.
Exist in linear or ring structures. |
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| Disaccharides- Carbohydrate |
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Definition
two monosaccharides linke by
GLYCOSIDIC BOND. |
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| Polysaccharides- Carbohydrates |
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Definition
| Polymers composed of many monosaccharides linked through dehydration synthesis reactions. |
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Definition
cell walls of plants.
Polysaccharide-carbohydrate. |
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starch storage compound in plants
Ploysaccharide- Carbohydrate |
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component of bacterial cell walls.
Polysaccharide- carbohydrate. |
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animal energy storage molecule.
polysaccharide- carbohydrate |
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| the condition of being dissociated into ions (as by heat or radiation or chemical reaction or electrical discharge) |
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