Term
| Initiation of translation involves the formation of the 30S initiation complex. This includes _____. |
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Definition
| N-formyl-me-tRNA binding to the 30S subunit in what will become the Psite, mRNA attachment to the 30S ribosomal subunit, use of initiation factor 3 to prevent 50S ribosome from binding the 30S ribosome prematurely, use of initiation factor 2 to carry the formyl-methionyl-tRNA. |
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Term
| Which pathway(s) oxidize glucose-6-P and convert it to 6-phosphogluconate with subsequent production of NADPH+H & NADH+H? |
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Definition
| Entner Dourdoff (ED) and PentosePhosphatePathway (PPP) |
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Term
| Which of the following are true regarding the transition step into the Krebs cycle and following glycolysis? |
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Definition
| Is a redox reaction NAD to produce NADH+H, condensation reaction coenzymeA to produce AcetylCoA important fatty acid biosynthesis, decarboxylation results in removal of C from pyruvate, reaction catalyzed by large enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase. |
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Term
| During the 3 Carbon stage of glycolysis (energy harvest), what reaction step(s) yield(s) synthesis of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate (YIELDS ATP) |
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Term
| Rho dependent termination of transcription in bacteria occurs by ______. |
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Definition
| Binding of transcription terminator, rho protein, to the DNA which blocks RNA polymerase movement and bind of transcription terminator,rho protein, to mRNA while being transcribed, Rho travels towards RNA polymerase, rho functions to unwind mRNA-DNA duplex resulting in dissociation of transcription machinery. |
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Term
| Which of the following explain best why farmers are not too happy about soil microorganisms that undergo denitrification? |
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Definition
| Denitrification convert the nitrate all the way to nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere removing all usable nitrate from the soil. |
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Term
| Enzymes speed up reactions by___. |
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Definition
| Lowering activation energy. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements are true concerning bacterial promoters? |
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Definition
| Identify region of DNA that is gene to be transcribed into RNA, identify DNA to be template strand, composed of 35 box RNA polymerase recognition and 10 pribnow box where RNA will unwind DNA and start transcription (ALL) |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the Sec- dependent pathway for protein secretion from E. coli? |
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Definition
| The SecA protein serves as motor for moving the protein across the cytoplasmic membrane and proteins to be secreted by this pathway carry a signal sequence. |
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Term
| Bacteria carry more diversity in their catabolic pathways. Which of the following statements is (are) true in describing differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic catabolism? |
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Definition
| Some replace glycolysis with EDpathway, can carry a greater variety of electron carrier molecules in membrane often branched chains, and are able to respond to environment and produce appropriate electron carriers according to the environment. |
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Term
| After the formation of the enzyme substrate complex, the enzyme undergoes a temporary ____ state resulting in an induced state fit where the substrates begin to look like the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statement (s) regarding the termination of DNA replication of a bacterial chromosome is (are) true? |
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Definition
| Termination is mediated by the binding of Tus protein to ter sites in termination region and replication begins at oriC and its bidirectional termination occurs when both replication forks meet at termination site located on the opposite end of chromosome from the oriC site. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding the bacterial chromosome is (are) false? |
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Definition
| It never associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. (that's where its located) |
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Term
| Where do fatty acids feed into catabolism when organisms are feeding off of fatty acids? |
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Definition
| Glycerol unit is removed and feeds into glycolysis and the fatty acids can be oxidized in the beta-oxidation pathway where they are stored by 2 C with each turn of the cycle. The two carbons are released in the form of acetyl-coenzymeA feed into the TCA cycle. |
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Term
| Fluoroquinolones typically target _____. |
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Definition
| DNA gyrase (relieving tension so it can replicate) |
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Term
| Which is true of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit blocking initiation or cause misreading of the mRNA if initiation already began and act synergistically with the beta lactams. |
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Term
| Chemolithoautotrophs must perform reverse electron flow which is the use of _____to be used in the production of ____. |
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Definition
| Proton motive force; NADH+H (reverse reduced) |
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic respiration whereby Paracoccus denitrificans use nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor is FALSE? |
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Definition
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Term
| For each glucose molecule, the final energy yields directly following glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is _____. |
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Definition
| 10NADH,2GTP(ATP), 2ATP, 2FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Is found on assembled 70S (more precisely the 50S) ribosome and is the acceptor site for incoming amino acid. |
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Term
| Which of the following reactions in the Krebs cycle will result in the production of NADH and the release of the carbon that was contained in the original glucose molecule. |
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Definition
| Conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate and conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinylCoA. |
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Term
| In E. coli, two point mutations are inserted into the purine rich sequence called the shine delgarno (sp?) sequence thereby causing the sequence to no longer demonstrate activity. The consequence of this is ____. |
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Definition
| Translation will not initiate appropriately and the mRNA will not line up on the ribosome appropriately. |
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Term
| You have sequenced the genome for Coxiella burnetti. You find an area in the chromosome that contains 5 DNA A boxes arranged in tandem which is preceded by 3 AT-rich 13mers. This area most likely functions as ______. |
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Definition
| The origin of replication (oriC) |
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Term
Using the DNA strand depicted below as a template, what will be the sequence of the RNA transcript? (Note, the RNA in the answers are all written in the 5' to 3' direction).
5'-GCGTTAACGTAGGC-3'
-promoter
3'-CGCAATTGCATCCG-5' |
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Definition
| 5'-GCCUACGUUAACGC-3' (U for T) |
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Term
| The concept that the proton motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis through the enzyme ___is referred to as ____. |
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Definition
| ATP synthase; chemiosmotic hypothesis(OXIDATIVE) |
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Term
| During the 6 C stage of glycolysis (glucose activation stage), what reaction step (s) yield (s) synthesis of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| ATP is used in all those steps (PEPto pyruvate yields ATP) |
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Term
| Consider the chart of standard reduction potentials to the right; all other factors being equal, would you expect the ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to be greater in a gram negative bacterium utilizing sulfure (S^0) as the terminal electron acceptor of its ETC, or one using Fe3+? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements regarding the enzymes that function during elongation of DNA replication in prokaryotes is (are) True? |
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Definition
| DNA gyrase functions as a topoisomerase relieve tension, DNA helicase unwinds DNA, replication fork contains 2 DNA polymerase III molecules, primase as RNA PRIMER. |
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Term
| Dinitrophenol (DNP) is referred to as being an uncoupler. Uncouplers can incorporate or insert into membranes and then function to allow the movement of ions, such as protons, freely across the membrane. If uncouplers are added to bacteria, the uncouplers would insert into the cytoplasmic membrane. What impact would Dinitrophenol (DNP) have on the bacterial electron transport chain and on oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| The ETC would not be directly impacted; the protons pumped outside would simply enter through the uncoupler leading to the prevention of oxidative phosphorylation. |
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Term
| Which of the following is/are true about RNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| Used during transcription, doesn't require a primer, has subunit sigma factor which recognizes the promoter, (A,B,C)**reads 3'-5' |
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Term
| Which of the following is generally not a characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression? |
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Definition
| The mRNA is polycistronic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have an additional binding site that is involved in regulation enzyme activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries an amino acid and contains anticodon which interacts with the mRNA. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about peptide elongation during protein synthesis is FALSE? |
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Definition
| EF-Tu mediates translocation event that results in the movement of the ribosome of the ribosome to the next codon of the mRNA. (actually delivers new aminoacidtRNAs to A site) |
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Term
| ____ means that following replication, one DNA strand is from the parental DNA while the other strand is newly synthesized daughter DNA. |
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Definition
| Semiconservation replication. |
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Term
| _____ is a specialized fermentation pathway where the oxidation of one amino acid is coupled to the reduction of another amino acid and is used by _____. |
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Definition
| Stickland; clostridium species (gas gain green) |
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Term
| In the fermentation reactions, what must happen to allow for continuation of glycolysis? |
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Definition
| NADH must be reoxidized to NAD |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE concerning the initiation of DNA replication at bacterial orgins, oriC? |
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Definition
| DNAa as helicase delivered to DNAC, DNAA recognizes sequence ATrich 13mers binds to sites, DNAa functions as topoisomerase. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning the initiation of DNA replication at bacterial origins, oriC? |
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Definition
| DnaA initiation protein, mediates bending of DNA at oriC, protein directs the dnaC-DnaB helicase into oriC. |
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Term
| True or false. The resulting mRNA following transcription is referred to the minus strand or antisense strand and it contains a sequence identical to the + strand of DNA (with the exception of uracil substitution). |
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Definition
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