Term
| metachromatic granules seen in diptheria |
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Definition
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Term
| What inclusion bodies are seen in Rheumatic Fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inclusion bodies are seen in TB? |
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Definition
epithelioid histiocytes Langerhans Ghon complex in lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| inclusion bodies of small pox |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inclusion seen in Hepatitis |
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Term
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Definition
seen in Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
| seen in plasma cells in chronic inflammation and malignant disorders |
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Term
| type of immunity when you get measles or chicken pox |
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Definition
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Term
| type of immunity seen with the tetanus vaccine |
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Definition
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Term
| type of immunity seen in breastfeeding |
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Definition
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Term
| type of immunity seen in tetanus antitoxin |
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Definition
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Term
| where is endotoxin derived from? |
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Definition
| lipopolysaccaride layer of gram (-) organisms |
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Term
| what type of hypersensitivity is seen in glomerulonephritis? Goodpasteur's syndrome? Serum sickness? TB? |
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Definition
type III type II type III type IV |
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Term
What does the following lab tests for? Schick Bile solubility Giemsa stain Paul Bunnel Sabouraud |
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Definition
immunity to diptheria Pneumococci vs alpha hemolytic S. viridans protozoa mono fungus |
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Term
What tests for the Bordet Gengou Phenomenom? |
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Definition
hemolysis = complement fixation |
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Term
| What is the Coombs test and when is it used? |
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Definition
| tests antigens on RBCs used in erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic anemia) |
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Term
| What is tested in the Quellung reaction? |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae: checks for swelling of the capsule |
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Term
| What is another name for the TB vaccine and what bacteria is used? what are the major ways to test for TB? |
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Definition
BCG vaccine uses mycobacterium bovis Mantoux test (PPD, type IV, skin prick) Tine test |
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Term
| What antigen is used in the Weil Felix test and what is being tested? |
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Definition
proteus vulgaris rickettsia |
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Term
| What tests for carcinogenicity and what bacteria is used? |
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Definition
Ames test salmonella typhimurium |
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Term
What produces pus that is: blue yellow red yellowish green white |
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Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staph. aureus Serratia marcesans Gonorrhea Chlamydia |
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Term
What is the action of sulfa drugs? |
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Definition
| competes with PABA in gram (-) organisms |
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Term
| What is the action of streptomycin? |
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Definition
| inhibits protein synthesis in gram (-) |
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Term
| What is the action of penicillin? |
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Definition
| inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram (-) |
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Term
| What is the action of tetracycline? |
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Definition
| inhibits protein synthesis in gram (-) and gram (+), turns teeth yellow or gray |
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Term
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Definition
developed humoral theory of immunity phagocytic theory |
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Term
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Definition
sulfa drugs first treatment for syphillis |
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Term
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Definition
discovered tobacco mosaic virus |
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Term
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Definition
| developed small pox vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| proved bacteria causes diseases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used carboxylic acid to sterilize surgical instruments (antisepsis) |
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Term
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Definition
Father of Germ Theory rabies vaccine pasteurization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
live Polio vaccine orally dead polio vaccine injected |
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Term
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Definition
| washing hands before surgery to prevent purperal fever contracted by women after childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Which stain tests for: Gonorrhea Staphylococcus Mycobacetrium Streptococcus |
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Definition
Thayer Martin (chocolate agar) Mannitol salt Acid fast Blood agar |
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Term
| direct uptake of free DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of plasmid DNA via a sex pilus (antimicrobial resistance) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # of new cases in a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| total # of cases at a particular time |
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Term
What are the 2 most common emerging diseases? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the leading causes of death in an infant? |
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Definition
congenital malformations prematurity |
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Term
| What are the leading causes of death in an adult? |
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Definition
heart disease cancer stroke respiratory infection accidents |
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Term
| What are the primary steps of water purification? |
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Definition
filtration flocculation sedimentation sludge digestion |
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Term
| What are the secondary steps of water purification? |
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Definition
| aeration and chlorination |
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Term
| Which water purification step adds bacteria? removes? |
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Definition
sludge digestion sand filtration |
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Term
| Which water purification step removes all bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does aeration do to BOD? |
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Definition
| decrease so that O2 is not robbed from aquatic life |
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Term
| Which virus causes a maculopapularvesicular rash? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which viruses causes cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the fetus most susceptible to a Rubella infection? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a herpes infection of CN V called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which virus causes a pink cauliflower lesion in the genital region of females? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which virus causes parrot fever? where is the infection seen? |
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Definition
Psittacosis lower respiratory tracct |
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Term
| Which virus causes conjunctivitis and pharyngitis? |
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Definition
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Term
What virus causes Mumps and what symptoms are associated with this infection? |
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Definition
sidomegalic paramyxoid virus parotitis secondary orchitis |
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Term
What type of fever is seen in Rubella infections? Rubeola? |
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Definition
low grade fever high grade fever |
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Term
| Which type of infection is associated with a heterophile antibody? |
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Definition
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Term
| what virus causes childhood dysentery? bacillary? amoebic? |
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Definition
coxsackie B shigella dysentery entamoeba histolytica |
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Term
what is known as anterior horn disease and how is it transmitted? which is the deadly type? |
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Definition
Polio fecal-oral Bulbar type affects brainstem and produces respiratory paralysis |
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Term
| What is the main cause of meningitis in newborns? infants? adolescents? adults? |
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Definition
E. coli S. pneumoniae N. meningitides S. pneumoniae |
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Term
| Which form of Hepatitis is only DNA virus? how is it transmitted? which is the lethal phase? |
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Definition
Hep B sexual/IV drugs user acute phase |
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Term
| What is the #1 cause of death in AIDS? what is the #1 fungal infection? cancer? |
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Definition
Pneumocystis carinii Toxoplasmosis Kaposi sarcoma then Non-Hodgkins |
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Term
| Which arbovirus has an affinity for the viscera? What is the vector? vaccine used? |
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Definition
Yellow fever aedes agypti mosquito Walter Reed |
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Term
| What is also know as "breakbone fever"? |
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Definition
Dengue fever first symptom is arthralgia |
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Term
| What is the bacteria found in bubonic plague? vector? |
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Definition
Yersinia pestis (pasteurella pestis) rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis) |
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Term
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Definition
Francisella tularensis Rabbits |
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Term
| Which bacteria is both waterborne and soil borne? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacterial disease will not produce lymph swelling? what does it cause? |
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Definition
Vibrio cholera rice water stools |
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Term
| What does enterotoxigenic E. coli produce? enterohemorrhagic? Which is deadly? |
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Definition
traveller's diarrhea and Montezuma's revenge Hamburger's disease (deadly) |
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Term
| What causes floppy baby syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is added to meats to prevent botulism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the #1 cause of food poisoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes rose-colored spots on the abdomen? |
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Definition
| Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever) |
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Term
| Which bacteria likes to hide in Peyer's patches and what test can be used to identify? |
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Definition
Salmonella typhi Widal test |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of gastritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacetria causes abdominal pain, infectious diarrhea, fever, blood and pus in stools? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Woolsorter's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes trismus? mechanism of action? |
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Definition
Clostridium tetani inhibits GABA and glycine |
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Term
| If a patient has yellowing of the sclera and skin, what infection is likely? |
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Definition
spirochete Leptospirosis (hemorrhagic jaundice) Weil's disease |
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Term
| What are the 3 virulence factors that fungi possess? |
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Definition
keratinase proteinase elastase |
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Term
| What organism produces erythema chronicum migricans? |
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Definition
spirochete bulls eye rash Borrelia burgdorferi (deer tick) |
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Term
| What organism causes Yaws? how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
Treponema pertenue (non-venereal syphillus) casual contact |
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Term
| Which bacteria produces coagulase? function? |
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Definition
staph catalyzes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen |
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Term
| What bacteria produces hemolysin? function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria produce hyaluronidase? function? |
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Definition
staph, strep, clostridia facilitates dissemination of microorganisms through skin tissue |
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Term
| Which bacteria produce leukocidin? function? |
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Definition
strep or staph exotoxin that kills WBCs and phagocytes |
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Term
| What tests would diagnose ringworm infection? |
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Definition
fluorescence under wood lamp skin scrapings scrapings tested in KOH solution |
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Term
| Which organism causes AIDS diarrhea? what is the infective stage? how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
Giardia lamblia cyst stage hikers drinking contaminated stream water |
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Term
| Which organism causes anemia or chronic splenomegaly? how is transmitted? which is the most fatal form? |
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Definition
Plasmodium (malaria) anopheles mosquito (sporozoites stage) Plasmodium falciparum (Black water fever) |
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Term
In what stage does malaria travel through the body? What protects you from malaria? |
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Definition
merozoite stage sickel cell anemia |
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Term
| Which is the most common roundworm? wher does it reside? how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
Ascariasis in the small intestine (colicky pain) fecal-oral |
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Term
| Which is the most common hookworm in the US? how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
Necator americanus walking barefoot on contaminated soil |
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Term
| What is the most common helminth worldwide? What does it cause? |
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Definition
Enterobius vermicularis itchy bum syndrome, nocturnal anal itching |
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Term
| Which organism infects muscle? what is most common? how is it transmitted? |
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Definition
Trichinella spiralis intercostals and diaphragm raw pork |
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|
Term
| What causes River blindness? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which is the tapeworm found in: dog fish pork beef |
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Definition
Echinococcus granulosus Diphyllobothrium latum Taenia solium Taenia saginata |
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Term
| What is the proglottids of tapeworms? Which tapeworm causes cysticercosis? Which causes pernicious anemia? |
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Definition
egg generating segment (fertilize self) Taenia solium Diphyllobathrium latum |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of death from a helminth? What is its primary host? secondary? |
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Definition
Shistosoma japonicum (infects liver) snail humans |
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Term
| What causes hemoptysis? How is it spread? |
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Definition
Paragonimus westermani crayfish, mouth |
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Term
Which liver fluke is from fish? aquatic plants? What is the intestinal fluke? |
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Definition
Clonorchis sinensis Fasciolopsis hepatica Fasciolopsis buski |
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|
Term
| Which vaccines are made from chick embryo? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which vaccines are made from human diploid cells? monkey kidney tissue? |
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Definition
rubella, rabies, and Hep A Polio |
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Term
| What organism causes whooping cough and when do you hear the whoop? |
|
Definition
Bordetella pertussis inspiration |
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|
Term
| What organism causes San Joaquin Valley Fever? What type of areas are common? |
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Definition
Coccidiodomycosis dry, temperate areas |
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|
Term
| What is also known as Moniliasis and what organism causes it? |
|
Definition
oral thrush candida albicans |
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|
Term
| What organism causes pink eye? |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus aegyptius (Koch-Weeks bacillus) |
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|
Term
| What organism causes Ohio and Mississippi Valley fever? What is a common misdiagnosis? |
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Definition
Histoplasmosis calcific lesions in the lung similar to TB |
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|
Term
| What causes Pontiac fever and how is it spread? |
|
Definition
Legionella pneumophilia water droplets that accummulate in ventilation systems |
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Term
| What is the #1 cause of atypical pneumoniae? Why is it atypical? |
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Definition
Mycobacterium pneumoniae lacks a cell wall |
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|
Term
| What is the #1 cause of pneumoniae in cystic fibrosis patients? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the best way to prevent Rickettsia infection? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What organisms are not destroyed by autoclave? why? |
|
Definition
Prions acellular proteinaceous particles so no membrane for autoclave to denature |
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|
Term
| Someone walking in a greenhouse is likely to get? |
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Definition
Sprortrichosis (sprotherix schenckii) from rose bush throns |
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|
Term
| Someone who has a peanut allergy could be sensitive to? what does it produce? |
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Definition
Asperigillosis (asperigillus fumigatus) aflatoxin (primary liver cancer) |
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|
Term
| What is the #1 cause of otitis media? otitis externa? |
|
Definition
Haemophilus influenza E.coli |
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|
Term
| What are the common criteria to diagnose Rheumatic Fever? |
|
Definition
carditis (maccallum's patch seen in L atria) syndenham's chorea subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum migratory polyartherits |
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|
Term
| How do we classify organisms? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we name organisms? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is released when the cell is exposed to a virus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which interleukin is the Tcell growth factor? from where? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which interleukin is produced by the CNS? function? |
|
Definition
IL-1 from macrophages to activate CD4 |
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|
Term
| Which viruses are the exceptions to respiratory transmission? |
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Definition
Polio (fecal-oral) Hep (sexual, fecal-oral, blood) |
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|
Term
| What are the Gram (+) organisms? |
|
Definition
Staph Strep Clostridium Bacillus Corynebacterium dyptheria Listeria monocytogenes |
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|
Term
| What is the most common cause of Impetigo? second most common? |
|
Definition
stap. aureus strep. pyogenes |
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|
Term
| What are the diseases caused by S. pyogenes? |
|
Definition
strep throat rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis scarlet fever erysipelas impetigo |
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|
Term
| What diseases are caused by staph. aureus? |
|
Definition
osteomyelitis toxic shock syndrome scalded skin syndrome carbuncles impetigo |
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|
Term
What is the most prevalent cause of lower respiratory infection in children? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What type of reaction is caused by a soluble antigen and specific antibody? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Eccymosis is seen in what type of deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Scurvy since Vit C is required for collagen formation |
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|
Term
| What ingredient is diminished from milk left standing? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits bacterial replication can restore function when removed |
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