Term
|
Definition
drive reaction forward Syntrophy is an interaction between organisms that combine their metabolic capabilities to catabolize substances that individuals cannot catabolize alone. Examples: PCBs and aromatic compounds |
|
|
Term
| Termite Gut (genius name) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Degrade cellulose to glucose -Convert glucose to acetate and hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of Syntropy |
|
Definition
•Degradation of fatty acids in rumen of termite • Syntrophs degrade lipids --- release H2 • Methanogens (autotrophs, use CO2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endosymbiont -an amoeboid that has taken on cyanobacterium -provides photosynthate to amoeba - closely related to free-living Synechococcus (cyanobacterial) species. 2 Endosymbionts in Plant cells = plastids and mitochondria |
|
|
Term
Spherical (coccus) - give example |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus - staph infections -little things, pimples, skin infections, boils -big things, pneumonia, meningitis, TSS |
|
|
Term
rod shaped (bacillus) - give example |
|
Definition
Azotobacter form thick-walled cysts, and may produce large quantities of capsular slime - gram negative bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Name two different Spirochetes, and the disease they cause |
|
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi (cause of Lyme’s disease) Treponema pallidum (cause of Syphilis) |
|
|
Term
What is the first microbe grown in pure culture? Which scientist discovered/researched it? |
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis Robert Koch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Myxococcus xanthus Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cholera (Vibrio cholerae) |
|
Definition
Gram-negative bacteria in contaminated food and water. Onset can be rapid - gets in lining of small intestine - excessive diarrhoea. |
|
|
Term
phylogeny marker - 16S ribosomal RNA |
|
Definition
•Part of the ribosome •Required for translation of mRNA into protein. •Present in all bacterial (16S rRNA), archaeal and eukaryotic cells (18S rRNA) |
|
|
Term
Which domains are ester-linked (lipids)? Ether-linked? |
|
Definition
Ester- bacteria and eukaryotes Ether- archaea |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference in cell walls of the 3 domains |
|
Definition
Eukaryotes - no cell wall or cellulose Bactera- no cell wall, or gram +, or gram - Archaea- proteins, pseudomurien, lattice |
|
|
Term
| Describe characteristics of Archaea |
|
Definition
Very different • Extremophiles • High salt • High temperature • Acidic conditions • Basic conditions • Species also discovered at more normal conditions |
|
|
Term
| Which domain contains ALL pathogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List major sources of soil nutrients |
|
Definition
- chitin -cellulose -keratin -lignin |
|
|
Term
Describe some inner workings of tube worms (what they take up and what bacteria oxidize) |
|
Definition
•Worm uptakes CO2 and H2S using hemoglobin protein •Bacterial symbiont is a sulfur oxidizer •Makes organic matter for worm |
|
|
Term
What is the most important thing in Microbe Mines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Organism that can live at hot or cold temperatures |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of mesophiles? |
|
Definition
-ester-linked -lipid bilayer |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of thermophiles? |
|
Definition
ether-linked lipids membrane MONO layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.Protozoa or bacteria break down cellulose 2. Methanogens or homoacetogens use the hydrogen 3. Without the breakdown of H2, cellulose wouldn't be broken down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ferments carbohydrates (on grapes), but it creates an acidic enviornment, yeast deacidifies the enviornment, allowing P. putida to survive. (competition for carbohydrates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •The ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior via small molecules; applies to both intra and inter species communication. •Its purpose is to coordinate certain behavior based on the local density of bacteria -involves production of autoinducer |
|
|
Term
| What do bacteria use quorum sensing for? |
|
Definition
Bacteria use quorum sensing for: -Adaptation to availability of nutrients. -Defense against other microorganisms which may compete for the same nutrients. -Avoidance of toxic compounds potentially dangerous for the bacteria. -Co-ordination of virulence in order to escape the immune response of the host to establish a successful infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nitrogen-fixing cells made from cyanobacteria -convert dinitrogen to nitrogen with nitrogenase -need anaerobic environment - it's physiology requires global change in gene expression |
|
|
Term
| What are the three compounds used for Quorum Sensing? |
|
Definition
| Oligopeptides, AHL, and AI-2 |
|
|
Term
| Are oligopeptides Gram-Postive, Negative, or Both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are AHL Gram-Postive, negative, or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Are AI- 2 Gram-Postive, negative, or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sctructurally, which autoinducer (quorum sensing compound) has a structure of two bound rings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sctructurally, which autoinducer (quorum sensing compound) has a structure of one ring plus a greasy end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of process regulated by Oligopeptides |
|
Definition
-Staphylococcus aureus Toxic shock and virulence OR • Bacillus subtilis Antibiotic production and sporulation |
|
|
Term
Give a specific example of an AHL regulated process |
|
Definition
-Vibrio Fischeri Bioluminescence OR -Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens Virulence - Erwinia caratovora Antibiotic and exoenzyme production |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of AI-2 or Lux regulated processes |
|
Definition
• Borrelia burgdorferi •Pleiotophic protein expression OR • Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans •Biofilm Formation OR • Streptococcus pneumonae and Vibrio cholerae •Virulence |
|
|
Term
| What do you know about Myxococcus? |
|
Definition
Mound Formation! •Carnivourous rod-shaped Gram negative bacteria •Obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes that cause the lysis of other bacteria •If nutrients are scarce Myxococcus produces fruiting bodies (A and C signaling) |
|
|
