What are the three shapes of bacteria?

1. cocci

2. spiralli

3. bacilli

What are the 5 patterns of Coccus?

1. diplo-2

2. Staph-grape-like cluster

3. strep-long chain

4. tetrad-square

5. saracinici-multiples of 8

What are the clustering patterns of bacillus? (4)

1. Diplo-2

2. Strep-long chain

3. vibrio-v-shape

4. palisade-cluster/group

What are the 2 patterns of spirals?

1. spirilla (rigid helix)

2. spirachete (flexible helix w/sheath around flagella)

What does dessication mean?

Dessication is the process of a cell drying out. A capsule will keep the bacterial sell from dessication for approx. 3 days.

What effect does heat have on bacteria?

depends on species...some love the heat and others may spore

What effect does the cold have on bacteria?

Pathogens and spores can grow in cold conditions..I.E. phsychophiles

What effect does freezing have on bacteria?

Again, depends on species...some thrive, others die

What effect does radiation have on bacteria?

Very high doses can kill MOST bacteria

What does the term hypertonic mean?

Hypertonic is a solution having higher concentrations of solutes than H20

What does the term hemolysis mean?

Hemolysis is the complete breakdown of blood

What are the 3 types of hemolysis?

1. Beta-bacteria completely eats RBC's

2. Alpha-bacteria paritally eats thru but  hemoglobin is not completely destroyed.

3. Gamma-No destruction of RBC's

What is differential staining?

Differential staining is the use of more than 1 dye to differentiate between gram+ and gram- cells

What are the 4 components of a gram stain kit?

1. Crystal Violet
2. Mordant-Iodine
3. Decolarizing Agent-Alcohol
4. Safranin

According to the gram stain procedure, what are the two groups of bacteria?

1. Gram+ stain Crystal-violet/purple

2. Gram- stain Safranin/red

Describe the Gram- cell wall

Gram- cell wall is thin, with a thin peptidoglycan layer, loosely-bound polysaccharides, cell wall & cell membrane are further apart and it has porins

Describe the Gram+ cell wall

The Gram+ cell wall is thick, with a thick layer of peptidoglycan, densely packed polysaccharides, the cell wall and cell membrane are close together and they do not have porins

Describe Flaming and Fixing

Flaming and Fixing is the process of passing a slide through a flame in order to kill bacteria.

What is meant by smear?

Smear is when you place bacteria on a slide usually in a zig-zag or "S" like motion

Describe Differetial Media

Differential Media ,such as the agar, is used to identify different types of bacteria

What does the term culturing refer to?

Culturing refers to the growing of bacteria on or in a media?

What is culture media?

Culture media is a nuritive substance on or in which bacteria is grown (Blood Agar)

What is Agar?

Agar is a boiled seaweed product which solidifies quickly, cools quickly, has many nutrients and favors the growth of bacteria