Term
| What donates electrons to the electron transport system (ETS)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What accepts electrons from the electron transport system (ETS)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the PMF generated? |
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Definition
| Cytoplasmic membrane or mitochondrial membrane? |
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Term
| What is the role of ATP synthase? |
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Definition
| Used to drive synthesis of ATP |
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Term
| Why is respiration associated with the cell membrane? |
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Definition
The membrane is needed to generate the PMF (?) |
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Term
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Definition
| A hydrophobic non-protein electron carrier |
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Term
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Definition
They are proteins containing an iron-porphyrin ring called heme. Several classes, differ in reduction potential |
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Term
| What does the cell need to grow? |
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Definition
Appropriate nutrients: - Source of energy to fuel cell growth
- Carbon for cell biosynthesis
- Other nutrients, N,S, P, etc.
Appropriate environmental conditions: - pH, oxygen, temperature, etc.
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Term
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Definition
The breakdown of larger, more complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones, during which energy is released, trapped, and made available to work
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Term
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Definition
The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones during which energy is added as input
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Term
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Definition
- Substrate-level phosphorylation
- Electron transportphosphorylation (aKa respiration-linked phosphorylation)
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Term
| Substrate-Level phosphorylation |
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Definition
Transfer of Pi from a high energy phosphorylated intermediate to ADP by a kinase enzyme. Phosphorylatedintermediates are generated during: glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fermentation. |
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Term
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Definition
- Start
- Energy Input
- Cleave
- Reductions
- Substrate level phosphorylation
- Dehydration
- Substrate level phosphorylation
- End products
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Term
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Definition
Intermediates change from one form to another - Converts pyruvate to:
- CO2
- Reducing power
- NADH
- FADH2
- Used in electron transport for additional ATP synthesis
- ATP
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Term
| Electron Transport Phosphorylation |
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Definition
Required Components: - Cytoplasmic membrane
- electron transport chain => redox reaction
- Proton + charge gradient => pmf
- Membrane-bound ATP synthase => ATP
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Term
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Definition
Tendency to donate or accept electrons given in Volts. Standard conditions: pH 7.0, 1M, 25 degrees celsius
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Term
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Definition
The amount of energy in a system that is available to do work. A negative delta G indicates that the reaction is favorable and will proceed spontaneously. A positive delta G indicates that the reaction is unfavorable and will only proceed if energy is supplied |
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Term
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Definition
- A NADH dehydrogenase to oxidize the e-donor NADH
- NADH - Diffusible electron carrier
- Flavoproteins, proteins bound to flavins (FMN, FAD)
- Iron sulfur proteins
- Quinones - hydrophobic non-protein electron carriers
- Cytochromes - proteins containing an iron-porphyrin ring called heme
- Terminal oxidase (reductase) to reduce the e-acceptor oxygen to water
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Term
NADH + H+ --> NAD+ E0' = -0.32 V 1/2 O2 --> H2O E0' = +0.818 V How much energy is released? |
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Definition
Delta E0' = 0.8181-(-0.32) = 1.138 V Delta G0' = -n x F x Delta E0' (kJ/mol) Delta G0' = -2 x 96.5 kJ/Vmol x 1.138 V Delta G0' = -219.6kJ/mol
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Term
| How much energy does it take to make 1 ATP? |
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Definition
Delta G0' = +50 kJ/mol to form 1 mol ATP (Theoretical) Delta G0' = +80 kJ/mol to form 1 mol ATP (True) from Delta G0' of 220 kJ/mol --> 4.4 mol ATP theoretically 3 mol ATP/mol NADH were determined experimentally
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Term
| Inhibitors of ATP Synthesis |
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Definition
- Blockers (inhibitors) thatinhibit the flow of electrons through the system
- Carbon monoxide, cyanide bind to cyt
- Uncouplers that allow electron flow, but disconnect it from oxidative phosphorlation
- Dinitrophenol, lipid soluble make membrane leaky and destroy the PMF and ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation
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