Term
| Natural barrier properties of skin |
|
Definition
too dry for microbial growth
salt inhibits microbes
lysozyme hydrolyzes peptidglycan
fatty acids inhibit some pathogens
defensins (antimicrobial peptides) are produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
line body cavities
epithelial cells attached to extra-cellular matrix
cells secrete mucous
some have cilia (especially in respiratory tract) |
|
|
Term
| Normal microbiota on Skin |
|
Definition
G+, salt tolerant bacteria
staphylococci and micrococci
diptheroids= pro. acnes |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcal Skin infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococcal skin infections |
|
Definition
Strep. pyogenes
streptokinases |
|
|
Term
| Infections by Pseudomonads (bacteria) |
|
Definition
Pseudo aeruginosa
Pseudo dermatits |
|
|
Term
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
Definition
| G+, very common, coagulase - , harmless unless skin is broken/surgically pierced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| G+, coagulase +, most pathogenic, resistant to antibiotics, cause or MRSA |
|
|
Term
| Staph skin infections can cause |
|
Definition
| folliculitis (infections of hair follicles), stye (folliculitis of an eyelash), carbuncle (inflammation of tissue under the skin) |
|
|
Term
| If staph enters bloodstream |
|
Definition
scalded skin syndrome
TSS (a superantigen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surface
impetigo (Toxin A) usually in babies
remains localized
scalded skin syndrome (Toxin B disseminates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci most comon
make hemolysin (lyse RBC's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| M proteins, capsule that protects from host defenses |
|
|
Term
| Invasive group A strepto. infections |
|
Definition
"Flesh eating bacteria" tissues digesting streptokinases
Cellulitis: digesting solid tissue
necrotizing fasciitis (digesting muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| G-, pyocyanin produces blue-green pus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
otitis externa (swimmers ear)
post burn infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sebum channels are blocked with shed cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Propionibacterium acnes, G+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warts,small pox, monkey pox, chikenpox, shingles & more herpesviruses, measles, Rubella (German measles), |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warts
treatment: removal, Imiquimod (interferon production), interferon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
poxvirus, variola major 20% mortality,
variola minor has <15 mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poxvirus, prevention by small pox vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpesvirus, transmitted by respiratory route
pus filled vesicles
virus may remain latent in dorsal root ganglia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herpesvirus
latent HHV-3 (cpox) move along peripheral nerves to skin |
|
|
Term
| Cold sores & fever blisters |
|
Definition
herpes 1&2
2 has 70% fatality rate
Acyclovir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rubella
symptoms: macular rash and Kopliks spots
vaccination MMR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rubella
macular rash and fever
vaccine MMR
causes severe fetal damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dermatomycoses, dandruff, candiasis, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dermatomycoses
trichophyton: infects hair, skin &nails
epidermphyton: skin and nails
microsporum: infects hair and skin
metabolizes keratin
treatment: oral griseofulvin & topical miconazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
malasezzia species
treatment zinc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ringworm and athlete's foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| candida albicans, mucous membranes or gentiourinary tract and mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oropharyngeal candidiasis "thursh"
treatment: azole, flucanzole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vulvo vaginal candidiasis "yeast infection"
tratment: miconzole, clotrimazole nystatin |
|
|
Term
| Parasitic infections of the skin |
|
Definition
| Scabies, pediculosis ( head louse and body louse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sarcoptes scabiei
burrow to lay eggs
treatment: topical insecticides |
|
|
Term
| Pediculus humanus capitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial diseases of eye |
|
Definition
| conjunctivitis, neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia, trachoma, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pink eye
various microbs
unsanitary contacts |
|
|
Term
| Neonatal gonorrheal ophhalmia |
|
Definition
Nisseria gonnorrhoeae
trasmitted through birth canal, prevented by antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chlamydia thrachomatis
to newborns eyes through birth canal
or swiming pool water
treated w. tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leading cause of blindness worldwide
infection causes permanent scarring to cornea leading to blindness |
|
|
Term
| Viral diseases of the eye |
|
Definition
| conjunctivitis(adenoviruses), herpetic kertitis (herpes 1, infects cornea causes blindness, treated w/ trifluridine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ancanthamoeba keratitis
transmitted from water
unsanitary contact lens |
|
|
Term
| How do microbes enter the nervous system |
|
Definition
skull or backbone fractures
medical procedures
along peripheral nerves
through blood or lymph |
|
|
Term
| Microbial Diseases of the Nervous system |
|
Definition
| meningitits, encephalitis, listeriosis, tetnas, botulism, leprosy, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever headache stiff neck nausea & vomit
diagnosis through gram stain and coma
treated with cephalosporins (lipid soluble) |
|
|
Term
| Most common causative agents of bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
1985: h influ., strep pneu, niss menggiti
1995: strep pneu, niss meng, haem influ |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus influenzae induced meningitis |
|
Definition
mostly in children 6mo to 4 y
G- aerobic, noraml throat microbiota
prevented by Hib vaccine |
|
|
Term
| Neisseria induced meningitis |
|
Definition
often called meningococcal meningitis
G- aerobic
glass test
vaccination for college students
10% are carriers |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae induced meningitis |
|
Definition
pnemococcal meningitis
G+
70% are carries
most common in children 1mo - 4 years
mortality 30% in kids, 80% in elderly
vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Listeria monoytogenes
G- aerobic
foodborne, to baby as well
reproduces inside phagocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clostridium tetani
G+, obligate anerobe. endospore
enters through p nerves of blood
vaccine and booster
treatment: immune globulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
G+ endospores obligate anaerobe
causes flaccid paralysis
prevention: proper food canning, nitrates prevent
treatment" antitoxin and supportive care |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A: 60-70% fatality, in parts of US
B: 25% fatality, europe and e US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : blocks relaxation pathway in muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mycobacterium leprae
requires prolonged contact
2 forms: neural and progressive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neural form of leprosy
loss of sensation; positive lepromin test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
progressive form of leprosy
disfiguring nodules over body; negative lepromin test |
|
|
Term
| Viral diseases of nervous system |
|
Definition
| Poliomyelitis, rabies, arboviral encephalitis, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poliovirus
transmitted by food
sore throat and nausea
viremia may occur, paralyis <1%
vaccine: sabin only used during outbreaks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhabdovirus
causes encephalitis
initial symptoms spasms of mouth and pharynx and hydrophobia
2 types, furious and paralytic
mostly in raccoons, bats, skunks, foxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals are restless then highly excitable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animals seem unaware of surroundings |
|
|
Term
| Post exposure treatment of rabies |
|
Definition
| vaccine plus immunoglobulin,before symptoms occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
means arthropod borne
seasonal outbreaks
by mosquitos |
|
|
Term
| Fungal diseases of nervous system |
|
Definition
Crytococcosis, Meningitis cryptococcua nneroformans, soil fungus, produces spores transmitted by respiratory route, mortality up to 30%
treatment: Amphotericin B & flucytosine |
|
|
Term
| Protozoan diseases of nervous system |
|
Definition
| African trypanosomiasis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trypansoma brucei gambiense
chronic 2 to 4 yr
T.b. rhodesiense more acute
tsetse fly
prevention: eliminate vector
treatment: eflornithine |
|
|
Term
| Transmissible spongiform encepalopathies |
|
Definition
caused by prions
sheep scrapie
CJ
Kuru
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
transmitted: ingestion, chronic and fatal
not treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistence of pathogens in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systemic inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sepsis w/ decreased blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sepsis w/ an uncontrollable drop in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endotoxins cause blood pressure to decrease
antibiotics worsen condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nosocomial infections
s aureus
s pyogenes
group B strepto
e faecium and e faecalis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
childbirth fever
strep. pyogenes
transmitted to mother during childbirth by attending physicians
Vienna hospital- first epidemiological studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the endocardium |
|
|
Term
| subacute bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
alpha- hemolytic streptococci from mouth
(don't see it) |
|
|
Term
| acute bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of pericardium, streptococci |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial infections of the heart |
|
Definition
| endocarditis, pericarditis, rheumatic fever, tularemia,brucellosis, anthrax, gangrene, cat scratch disease,plague, relapsing fever,lyme disease,typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation of heart valves
strep, pyogenes
nodule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rabbit fever
Fran. tularensis
transmitted by deer flies on deer and rabbits
bacteria reproduce in phagocytes |
|
|
Term
| Brucellosis (undulant fever) |
|
Definition
G- grow in phagocytes
fever spikes to 40C each evening
transmitted via milk form infected animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
G+
found in soil
cattle vaccinated
treated w/ ciprofloxain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endospores enter through minor cut
20% fatality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
uncooked food
50% mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhalation of endospores
in soil
100% fatality
weapon? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of blood supply to tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clostridium perfingens
G+
grows in necrotic tissue
treatment: surgical removal of necrotic tissue &/or use of hyperbaric chamber (more O2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Yersinia pestis G-
reservoir: rats, ground squirrels & prairie dogs
vector flea
3 type septicemia and pneumonic and bubonic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial growth in blood and lymph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Borrelia, spirochete
reservoir rodents
vector ticks
successive relapses are less severe
more common in europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi
more common in US
bulls eye rash than irregular heartbeat encephalitis, then arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rickettia
two types: epidemic and epidemic murine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rickettsia prowazekii
reservoir: rodents
vector: oediculus humanus corporis (body louse)
transmitted: when louse feces into bite wound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ricekttsia typhi
reservoir rodents
vector fea |
|
|
Term
| Rocky mountain spotted fever |
|
Definition
Rickettsia rickettsii
measles like rash on palms and soles too |
|
|
Term
| Viral disease of cardiovascular |
|
Definition
| Human Herpes virus 4, cytomegalovirus human herpes 5, ebola |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Epstein Barr Virus & infectious mononucleosis
children asymptomatic
transmitted via saliva
characterized by proliferation of monocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
human herpesvirus 5
infected cells sweel
latent in wbc
asymptomatic or mild
causes mental retardation when crosses placenta
transmitted sexually or blood or tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fliovirus, viral hemorrhagic fever
no treatment |
|
|
Term
| Protozoan & Helminthic disease of cardiovascualr system |
|
Definition
protozoan: Chagas disease
toxoplasmosis
malaria
leishmaniasis
helminthic: schistosomiasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
american trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
reservoir: rodents, opossums, armadillos
vector: reduviid "kissing" bug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. immature oocyst in cat feces
2. mature oocysts develop
3. if pregnant woman ingests oocysts from cat litter prenatal infection of fetus may occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P falciparum
anopheles mosquito = vector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vector sandflies
reservoir sm animals
visceral. fatal
cutaneous. papule that ulcers & scars
mucocytaneous disfiguring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tissue damage in response to eggs lodging in tissue
swimmer's itch: cutaneous reaction in US |
|
|
