Term
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Definition
| transport so slow that growth cant occur |
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Term
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Definition
| collapse of cytoplasmic memb; thermal lysis |
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Term
| obligate cold weather organism?-frozen lakes |
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Definition
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Term
| organisms that have midrange temp optima; found in warm blooded animals, aquatic environments, temp and tropical latitudes |
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Definition
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Term
| organisms that grow under very hot and cold conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| tolerate fair temperatures, grow at warm temps better than cold, cause food spoilage |
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Definition
| psychotrophs-psychrotolerant |
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Term
| production of enzymes that function in the cold may be denatured when? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 features that may provide more flexibility in life in the cold? |
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Definition
-more alpha helices tha beta sheets
-more polar and less hydrophobic AA
-fewer weak bonds |
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Term
| modified cytoplasmic membranes? |
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Definition
| have high unsaturated fatty acid content |
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Term
| which groups has more AA that are charged? |
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Definition
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Term
| mechanisms for comnbating low water activity in surrounding environment invlove increasing internal solute concentration by? |
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Definition
1.)pumping inorganic ions from environment
2.)synthesis or conc of organic solutes |
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Term
| cmpds used by cells to counteract low water activity in surrounding evironment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can live with little water reduction, but live best in absence of added solute |
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Term
effect of oxygen on growth:
1.obligate aerobes?
2.facultative aerobes?
3.obligate anerobes?
4.aeroltolerant anaerobes?
5.microaerophiles? |
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Definition
1.grow best in oxygen
2. in oxygen or anaerobically
3.no oxygen
4.do not use oxyegn but can tolerate it
5.oxygen required for low concentration |
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Term
| in toxic forms enzymes are present to? |
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Definition
| neutralize most toxic oxygen species |
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Term
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Definition
1.cell elongates, dna replicates
2.cell wall and plasma memb begin to form
3.cross wall forms separating the 2 dna copis
4.cell separates |
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Term
-generation time can be controlled by controlling?
-most bac have shorter gen times then?
-do prok or euk doube quicker?
-generation time is dependent on what 2 things? |
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Definition
-the environment
-euk microbes
-proks
-growth mediums and incubation conditions |
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Term
MICROBIAL GROWTH CYCLE
1.batch culture?
2.lag phase?
3.exponential phase?
4.stationary phase?
5.death phase? |
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Definition
1.closed system microbial culture of fixed volume
2.period b/t when culture is inoculated and growth begins
3.cells healthiest stage
4.growth rate of pop is 0;nutrient is used up or waste product of organism accumulates in medium
5.if incuation continues after stationary phase, the cells will eventually die |
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Term
1.continuous culture?
2.chemostat? |
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Definition
1.open sys microbial culture of fixed volume
2.most common type of continuous culture device |
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Term
| both frowth rate and pop density of culture can be controlled independently and simultaneously by what 2 things? |
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Definition
1.dilution rate-rate at which fresh medium is pumped in and spent medium is pumped out
2.concentration of a limiting nutrient |
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Term
-growth rate in chemostat?
-growth yeild in chemostat? |
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Definition
-controlled by dilution
-controlled by conc of limitng nutrient |
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Term
BIOFILMS:
1.are what?
2.form?
3.share?
4.sheltered from harmful factors?
5. quorum sensing? |
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Definition
1.microbial communites
2.sime or hydrogels that is secreted by cells
3.nutrients
4.yes
5.sending in and out signals |
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Term
1.biofilms resistant to?
2.number of bac= # of cells counted/ vol of area counted |
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Definition
1. antiobiotics
2. microscopic count |
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Term
1.turbidity measures are?
2.count organisms individually?
3.to relate a direct cell count to a turbidity value, wht must occur? |
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Definition
1. indirect, rapid, and useful methods of measuring microbial growth(OD)
2.no
3.a standard curve must be established |
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Term
| -direct correlation w/ bac cells and light passing through test tubes=? |
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Definition
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