Term
What are the 4 chemical rxns that aid in microbial growth? |
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Definition
energy transformations, synthesis of monomers, polymerization of macromolecules, formation of cellular structures |
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Term
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Definition
starting with one cell that ends up into two daughter cells |
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Term
what are determinants of population growth? |
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Definition
growth rate, generation, generation time, exponential growth |
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Term
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Definition
phase of growth cycle where cells are moving at fastest growth |
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Term
Growth cycle of populations: lag phase characteristics (3) |
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Definition
seen with old inoculations, damaged cells, transfer from nutrient rich to nutrient poor media |
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Term
Growth cycle of populations: exponential phase characteristics (3) |
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Definition
cells in healthiest state, midexponential cells, rates of exponential growth can vary |
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Term
When does exponential growth tail off? |
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Definition
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Term
What growth phase are nutrients limited? |
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Definition
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Term
What growth phase is there a buildup of waste products? |
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Definition
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Term
What growth phase do you have no net increase or decrease in cell number? |
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Definition
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Term
What growth phase do you have cryptic growth (and what is cryptic growth) |
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Definition
birth rate=death rate, stationary phase |
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Term
What growth phase do you have sur genes? |
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Definition
survival genes to conserve energy (stationary phase) |
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Term
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Definition
more death than life --> net decrease in cells |
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Term
What are the 4 phases growth curve? |
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Definition
lag, exponential, stationary, death |
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Term
Which growth phase is the longest? |
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Definition
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Term
Which growth phase is the shortest? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three characteristics of direct microscopic count? |
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Definition
- dry or liquid methods - counting chambers - quick |
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Term
What are the disadvantages of direct microscopic counting? 5 |
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Definition
1) cant distinguish dead from living 2) Small cells are difficult to see 3) precision is difficult to achieve 4) Phase contract for unstained specimens 5) not used with low density suspensions |
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Term
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Definition
plate count or colony count |
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Term
What type of count assumes there is only one cell per colony? |
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Definition
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Term
What measurement of growth technique spreads cells across plate? |
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Definition
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Term
what measurement of growth uses the pour plate method (and what is it) |
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Definition
viable count - it is having it on top of the agar plate |
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Term
what measurement of growth uses dilutions? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the sources of error in viable count? 3 |
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Definition
1) inoculum size, medium, and incubation conditions 2) Different growth rates 3) May underestimate numbers |
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Term
What are the advantages of viable count? |
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Definition
1) high sensitivity 2) select for different population |
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Term
Measurement of growth: turbidometric methods: what does it measure? |
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Definition
turbidity caused by a cell suspension (turbidity is proportion to cells present) |
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Term
Measurement of growth: turbidometric methods. What does a photometer measure? |
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Definition
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Term
Measurement of growth: turbidometric methods - what does a spectrophotometer measure? |
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Definition
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Term
Measurement of growth: turbidometric methods - what does it measure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
proportional to cell numbers |
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Term
What type of measurement growth must you prepare a standard curve? |
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Definition
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Term
what happens in a turbidity measurement? |
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Definition
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Term
how is the bug in a continuous culture? |
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Definition
it stays in a steady state |
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Term
Continuous culture: batch culture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
continuous culture: steady state |
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Definition
constant cell number and nutrient status |
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Term
continuous culture: chemostat |
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Definition
dilution rate, limiting nutrient |
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Term
TF: in a chemostat, you will have cultures in 'stationary' all the time |
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Definition
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Term
Effect of environment on growth: temp; what are the three cardinal temperatures? |
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Definition
minimum, optimum, maximum |
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Term
Temp classes: phychrophile |
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Definition
4 degrees: polaromonas vacuolaa |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Temp classes: thermophile |
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Definition
60; bacillus stearo-thermophilus |
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Term
Temp classes: hyperthermophile ( lower level ) |
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Definition
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Term
Temp classes: hyperthermophile ( higher level ) |
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Definition
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Term
What temp class is archea? |
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Definition
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Term
TF bacteria is more acid tolerant than bacteria |
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Definition
False, fungi is more acid tolerant |
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Term
What kind of bacteria are acidophiles? |
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Definition
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Term
In an acidophile, what do membranes depend on? |
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Definition
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Term
picrophilus oshimae optimum for pH and temp |
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Definition
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Term
Where do you find alkaliphiles |
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Definition
soda lakes and carbonate soils |
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Term
what supplies energy for transport and motility in an alkaliphile? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the internal pH of an organism, no matter what |
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Definition
neutral with relatively narrow range |
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Term
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Definition
cytoplasm shrinks away from cell wall |
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Term
What do halophiles require? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
very dry environments, they need to be able to rip nutrients from the H2O |
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Term
What do aerobes tolerate? |
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Definition
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Term
What is Microaerophiles relationship with O2 |
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Definition
(require O2 but does not need all O2) |
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Term
what is microaerophiles tolerance for o2? |
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Definition
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Term
what microorganism has a limited capacity for respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
What is an aerotolerant anaerobe? |
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Definition
it is not killed by o2 but it wont grow in O2 |
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Term
What is an obligate anaerobe? |
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Definition
Lives in the absence of air |
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Term
What is a facultative anaerobe? |
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Definition
makes ATP using aerobic respiration if air is present, if not it switches to fermentation |
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Term
What is required for aerobes? |
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Definition
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Term
What require exclusion of O2 |
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Definition
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Term
4 points under "anaerobes require exclusion of O2" |
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Definition
- fill medium container completely\ - reducing agent - anerobe jar - anaerobic glove boxes |
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Term
Test tubes: what does an obligate anaerobe look like? |
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Definition
concentration at the bottom |
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Term
Test tubes: what does facultative look like? |
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Definition
dense concentration at top and sporatically spread throughout |
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Term
Test tubes: micro aerophile |
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Definition
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Term
Test tubes: aero tolerant |
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Definition
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