Term
| What are the sub-categories of cellular microbes? |
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Definition
| Fungi (yeasts and molds), bacteria (E. Coli), archae (methanogens),and protists (algae) |
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Term
| What are the sub-categories of acellular microbes? |
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Definition
| Viruses (protein and nucleic acid), viroids (RNA), virusoids (RNA), and prions (protein) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Approx size of a bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
One organism is affected, the other is not
Ex) Stapholylococcus |
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Term
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Definition
One benefits at the expense of the other
Ex) H1N1 virust particles on a host cell |
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Term
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Definition
Both benefit
E. Coli in large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host. In
the process, the pathogen carries out at least part of its life
cycle inside the host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Likely to be transmitted to people, organisms, etc. through the environment |
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Term
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Definition
Tthe occurrence of more
cases of disease, injury, or other
health condition than expected in a
given area or among a specific group
of persons during a specific period.
Usually, the cases are presumed to
have a common cause or to be
related to one another in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease causing organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| origin or cause (of disease) |
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Term
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Definition
invasion or colonization of the body by
pathogenic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
an abnormal state of health, body functions
are compromised |
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Term
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Definition
microorganisms that, given
the proper circumstances (e.g immuno-suppression or
change of location), can colonize the host and cause
disease |
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Term
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Definition
concerned with the cause, development
and effects of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that shelters/supports pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| community of symbiotic microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
specific group of symptoms that
accompanies a disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Portals of entry for an infection or disease |
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Definition
| Mucous membranes such as the respiratory tract, skin, and parenteral route |
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Term
| Ways disease and infection can be transmitted |
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Definition
-Direct Contact
-Droplet transmission
-Indirect contact
- |
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Term
| Mediums infections and disease can be found in |
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Definition
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Term
| Nationally Notable Infectious Diseases |
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Definition
| Anthrax, Giardiasis, Gonorrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| person who tends the sick |
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Term
| Microorganisms involved in nosokomos |
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Definition
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Term
| Principle site of nosokomos infection |
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Definition
| Urinary tract (with catheter use) |
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Term
| Emerging infectious diseases |
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Definition
| anthrax, lyme disease, HIV, west nile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Fermentation- Demonstrated all fermentation reactions are the result
of the activity of yeast and bacteria
Pasteurization
-disproved spontaneous generation
-Swan neck flask |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diseases can be caused microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
Demonstrates anthrax caused by B. anthracis;
develops a set of standardized criteria for determining
the causative agent of disease (Koch’s postulates)>>>
germ theory of disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Used dead rat w disease, inject into new rat, new rat reproduces disease, microorgamisms are extracted and observed |
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Term
| Characteristics of a prokaryotic cell |
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Definition
-cell wall
-plasma membrane
-glycocalyx
-Fimbriae
-Ribosomes
-Sex pilus |
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Term
| Characteristics of a Eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Rough ER |
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Term
| Compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes (bacteria) |
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Definition
-Bacteria do not of nuclei but eurkaryotes do.
-Cilia are absent in all bacteria but present in some eukaryotes
-Ribosomes are small in bacteria (70s) while they are bigger in eukaryotes (80s)
-Pili are present in some bacteria but absent in all eukaryotes.
-Both have flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| Replication, Transcription, Translation |
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Term
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Definition
| Original DNA, first replication, second replication |
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Term
How can genetic information flow/move from one bacterium
to another? |
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Definition
Transformation
Conjugation
Transduction |
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Term
| How can genetic information change? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Normal DNA molecule, missense mutation, and nonsense mutation, frameshift mutation |
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Term
| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
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Definition
| makes particular copies of DNA... can be used as diagnostic tool |
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of a pathogen that make it a high-risk for bioterrorism. |
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Definition
-Low infective dose (ie, < 10-100 organisms), the ability to be aerosolized, a high transmission rate, and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions.
-The ease of obtaining an organism and ease of production are other factors in assessing the risk for bioterrorism.
-One barrier to developing pathogens as biological weapons is the creation of the optimal particle size of 1 to 3 mm for inhalation. |
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Term
| Name several bacterial and viral agents that are bioterrorism threats. |
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Definition
Anthrax
Tularemia
Plague
Smallpox |
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Term
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Definition
| A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism |
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Term
| Two categories of metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Energy is used to build complex molecules
-uses energy to synthesize macromolecules that make up the cell |
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Term
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Definition
-Energy is obtained or released by breaking down molecules
-Releases energy by oxidation molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| respiration and fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population |
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Term
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Definition
| Logarithmic increase in population |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate |
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Term
| Chemical Agents to control microbial growth |
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Definition
| Alcohol, Adelhyde, Halogens, Phenols |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life |
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Term
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Definition
| sufficient to heat treatment to kill endospores of clostridium botulinium in canned food |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of vegetative pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of microbes from a limited area |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment intended to lower microbial count |
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Term
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Definition
-Limiting access of the antibiotic
-Failure to activate the antibiotic
-Target modification |
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Term
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Definition
| The endosymbiotic theory describes how a large host cell and ingested bacteria could easily become dependent on one another for survival, resulting in a permanent relationship. |
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Term
| Techniques used to establish the degree of relatedness between organisms |
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Definition
RNA sequencing G + C content
DNA hybridization |
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Term
| Bacteria Growth Technique |
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Definition
| Dilution, Microscope, Exepectotometry |
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