Term
|
Definition
mature nuclei
DNA is clumped and darkly stained
bound by proteins which inactivate the DNA
permanently differentiated cells
NO PROMINENT NUCLEOLUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
undifferentiated cells
lighty stained and dispersed
prominent nucleolus
cell can be post-mitotic but genes are active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
composed of fibrous and granular elements
fibrous material has DNA that encodes for ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not studded with ribosomes
membrane synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detox
abundant where steroids are produced and liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ribosome studded
synthesis of proteins for export
abundant in secretory cells (plasma cells, neurons, salivary, pancreas, liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not studded with ribosomes
dedicated to membrane synthesis, lipid detoxification
abundant in adrenal cortex and liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
folds of endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes are attached to cytoplasmic side of ER and proteins are dumped into here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
groups of ribosomes
used for protein synthesis for internal utilization in cells
RBC precursors for synthesis of hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stacks of lamellae
enzymes for "finishing" proteins that are destined for secretion
add distal sugars to glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
convex forming face of golgi
where proteins enter golgi from RER |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
concave, maturing face of golgi
secretory vesicles bud off to form vesicles of secretion (zymogens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membranous sphere of hydrolytic enzymes
used in degration of foreign antigens, cell debris, turnover of ECM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fusion of macrophage and lysosome
degrades ingested material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lysosomal storage disease
alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency
cannot break down carbs in connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iduronate sulfatase deficiency
lysosomal storage disease
cannot break down carbs in connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of lysosomal storage diseases |
|
Definition
mentally retarded
accumulation of iduronic acid in brain
excretes iduronic acid
defect in skeletal development
short stature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membranous organelle consisting of inner and outer membrane
probably an obligate symbiont
mobile within cell, found where ATP consumed
produce energy via oxidative phosporylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plate like folds in mitochondria which increase surface area
have particles on surface involved in ATP synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments
maintain and modify shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
20-25 nm diameter
5 nm thickness
made of tubulin dimers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
make microtubles
110 kDa,
alpha and beta subunit
created by hydrolysis of GTP |
|
|
Term
| microtubule organizing center |
|
Definition
- end of MT
has capping proteins and gamma-tubulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
maintain shape of cells (axons)
organized into mitotic spindle
centrioles, flagella, cilia,
intracellular transport pathways (kinesin and dyneins)
dynamic instability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6-8 nm
assembled from G-actin subunits to F-actin by ATP hydrolysis
polar (fast growing + end)
dissolved at high Ca ions
in microvilli, bundled and stabilized by FASCIN and FIMBRIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
arranged into formal paracrystilline arrays in muscle and associated with troponin and tropomyosin
form thin filaments of skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8-10 nm, ropelike aggregates of monomers
provide generic structural support for cells
probably stable |
|
|
Term
| Types of Intermediate filaments |
|
Definition
Keratins -support desmosomes
vimentin family-vimentin (connective), desmin (muscle), GFAP (glia)
neurofilaments
lamins-nuclear envelope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for treatment of gout |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cancer chemotherapy
stops cell motility-mitosis and metastasis |
|
|
Term
| phalloidin-actin filaments |
|
Definition
| mushroom poisoning--phalloidin breaks down actin filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alzheimer's disease
glial fibrillary and protein accumulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of keratin leading to alcoholic cirrhosis |
|
|
