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MICRO
CH1414
75
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
06/11/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what is examples of symbiosis?
Definition

tapeworm in the human intestine

tuberculosis in the human lung

bacteria in the human colon

protozoa in termites

Term
mutualism is a relationship?
Definition
that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live w/o the other
Term
a protozoan and its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. the bacteria releases toxins and exoenzymes that immobilize and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb the nutrients produced. the relationship b/n the protozoan and the bacteria would best be described as?
Definition
mutualism
Term
the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. the fungus is best described as?
Definition
both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogens
Term
Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent?
Definition
parenteral route
Term
symptoms are?
Definition
subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel
Term
axenic systems of the body include?
Definition
kidneys
Term
In what mucouse membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease
Definition
a pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears
Term
what is true about etiology?
Definition
the suspect agent must be present in all casses of disease, the sustpect agent must cause the sisease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism, it must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host, the suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the lab.
Term
what is not a way a baby acquires normal microbiota?
Definition
microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy--> WRONG
Term
What are ways a baby can acquire normal microbiota?
Definition
the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal, Staphyloccus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery, microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the babys first breath, and microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal.
Term
what might cause a normal microbiota to become opportunistic?
Definition
treatment of a cance patient with radiation
Term
what is not considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?
Definition
E. coli
Term
what is considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of theĀ female reproductive system?
Definition

bacteroides

candida

trichomonas

lactobacillus

Term
what is a example of a exotoxin?
Definition
neurotoxins
Term
among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase,hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. which of these factors contribue to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body?
Definition
hyaluronidase
Term
what is the most severe infectious disease stages?
Definition
the illness period
Term
what is transmitted by the parenteral route?
Definition
yellow fever
Term
what is considered a mechanical vector transmission?
Definition
cockroach transmission of Shigella
Term
a nosocomial disease is a disease acquired by?
Definition
in a health care facility
Term
Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as?
Definition
iatrogenic infections
Term
what is a major source of disease transmission in the world?
Definition
fecal- oral infections
Term
acne is an example of?
Definition
noncommunicable disease
Term
what is a sign of disease?
Definition
fever
Term
in early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza (swine flu) in the US. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the US represented ________ disease.
Definition
epidemic
Term
The incidence of TB in the year 2000 in the US was 12.43/ 100,000 cases. this means?
Definition
there were 12.43 new cases of TB for every 100,000 people in the US in the year 2000.
Term
The index case is the first case of disease?
Definition
identified in a given area or population.
Term
In the wake of the cyclone that hit Myanmar (Southeast Asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. What was the most likely mode of transmission?
Definition
contaminated water
Term
what types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease?
Definition
experimental epidemiology
Term
Aerosols may be involved in ____ transmission of pathogens.
Definition
droplet
Term
Fomites are?
Definition
inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens
Term
what pairing of microbe and disease was DISPROVEN using Koch's postulates?
Definition
Haemophilus influenza and the flu
Term
what is not a example of a zoonosis?
Definition
typhoid fever
Term
what are examples of zoonosis?
Definition

anthrax

salmonellosis

rabies

typhus

Term
What is the correct sequnce of disease process?
Definition

incubation

prodromal period

illness

decline

convalescence

Term
what is NOT considered a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen?
Definition
via animals
Term
what IS considered to be a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen?
Definition

AIR

FOOD

BODY FLUIDS

DRINKING WATER

Term
Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of?
Definition
pseudomembranous colitis
Term
what combinations of pathogen and virulence factor is correct?
Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes and protein M
Term
Pathogen is
Definition
any microorganism that causes disease
Term
Transent microbiota is
Definition
organisms that remain in the body for a short time
Term
Opportunistic microorganisms are?
Definition
microorganisms that may cause disease under certain circumstances
Term
Resident microbiota is
Definition
microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life
Term
Mutualism is?
Definition
a relationship b/n two organisms where both members benefit
Term
Commensalism is?
Definition
a relationship b/n two organisms where only one member benefits
Term
Parasitism is?
Definition
a relationship b/n two organsism where one member harms the other
Term
Axenic environment is?
Definition
an environment that is free of microbes
Term
Microbial antagonism?
Definition
unsucessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes
Term
Reservoir is?
Definition
a source of microbial contamination
Term
in Commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other? true or false?
Definition
false--> WRONG
Term
Normal microbiota may cause disease if they are introduced into an unusual site in the body?
Definition
true
Term
a syndrome is a groupd of sumptoms and signs that collectively caracterize a particular disease?
Definition
true
Term
all diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness? true or false?
Definition
FALSE
Term
Do fomites cause disease by direct contact? T/F
Definition
False
Term
Is a common cold an example of a chronic disease? T/F
Definition
FALSE
Term
Infection from a mosquito bite is an example of parenteral route of transmission? T/F
Definition
TRUE
Term
An antiphagocytic factor is one that permits pathogens to avoid attack by macrophages? T/F
Definition
TRUE
Term
Koch's postulates can be applied ot every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen? T/F
Definition
FALSE
Term
An infection always leads to disease? T/F
Definition
FALSE
Term
_______are toxins that affect the lining of the GI tract.
Definition
enterotoxins
Term
E. coli in the colon is an example of ______.
Definition
Resident microbiota
Term
Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are referred to as?
Definition
axenic
Term
_____ interefere with the nerve function of the host.
Definition
Neurotoxins
Term
The ___ period is the time b/n infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of disease.
Definition
incubation
Term
Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the Upper Respiratory system. This situation is an example of_____.
Definition
commensalism
Term
_____ is an endotoxin that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock and blood coagulation.
Definition
lipid A
Term
Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are knowns as ______.
Definition
zoonoses
Term
Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of____ contact transmission.
Definition
indirect
Term
______ not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the multiplication of the pathogen during some phase of the pathogens life cycle.
Definition
Biological vectors
Term
the bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. as a cholera epidemics primarily involve _____ reservoirs.
Definition
nonliving
Term
the study of the cause of disease is known as____.
Definition
etiology
Term
the hepatitis C virus normally establishes a ____ infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade.
Definition
latent
Term
the study of the cause of when and where diseases occure is known as?
Definition
descriptive epidemiology
Term
in 2% of pregnancies, pathogens cross the ____ and infect the embryo or fetus.
Definition
pacenta
Term
The ____ route is not a portal route of entry of a pathogen per se, but rather a way of cirumventing the usual portals.
Definition
parenteral
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