Term
what is examples of symbiosis? |
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Definition
tapeworm in the human intestine
tuberculosis in the human lung
bacteria in the human colon
protozoa in termites |
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Term
mutualism is a relationship? |
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Definition
that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live w/o the other |
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Term
a protozoan and its resident bacteria invade the body of a worm. the bacteria releases toxins and exoenzymes that immobilize and digest the worm, and the protozoan and bacteria absorb the nutrients produced. the relationship b/n the protozoan and the bacteria would best be described as? |
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Definition
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Term
the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in severe respiratory problems. the fungus is best described as? |
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Definition
both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogens |
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Term
Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels. Which type of exposure does this represent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel |
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Term
axenic systems of the body include? |
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Definition
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Term
In what mucouse membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease |
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Definition
a pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears |
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Term
what is true about etiology? |
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Definition
the suspect agent must be present in all casses of disease, the sustpect agent must cause the sisease under investigation when introduced into a susceptible host organism, it must be possible to reisolate the suspect agent from the infected experimental host, the suspect agent must be isolated and cultured in the lab. |
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Term
what is not a way a baby acquires normal microbiota? |
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Definition
microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy--> WRONG |
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Term
What are ways a baby can acquire normal microbiota? |
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Definition
the baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal, Staphyloccus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery, microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the babys first breath, and microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal. |
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Term
what might cause a normal microbiota to become opportunistic? |
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Definition
treatment of a cance patient with radiation |
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Term
what is not considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system? |
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Definition
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Term
what is considered to be part of the indigenous microbiota of theĀ female reproductive system? |
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Definition
bacteroides
candida
trichomonas
lactobacillus |
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Term
what is a example of a exotoxin? |
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Definition
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Term
among the virulence factors produced by Staphylococcus aureus are hemolysin, coagulase,hyaluronidase, and enterotoxin. which of these factors contribue to the ability of S. aureus to invade the body? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the most severe infectious disease stages? |
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Definition
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Term
what is transmitted by the parenteral route? |
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Definition
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Term
what is considered a mechanical vector transmission? |
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Definition
cockroach transmission of Shigella |
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Term
a nosocomial disease is a disease acquired by? |
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Definition
in a health care facility |
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Term
Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
what is a major source of disease transmission in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what is a sign of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
in early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza (swine flu) in the US. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the US represented ________ disease. |
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Definition
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Term
The incidence of TB in the year 2000 in the US was 12.43/ 100,000 cases. this means? |
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Definition
there were 12.43 new cases of TB for every 100,000 people in the US in the year 2000. |
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Term
The index case is the first case of disease? |
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Definition
identified in a given area or population. |
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Term
In the wake of the cyclone that hit Myanmar (Southeast Asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. What was the most likely mode of transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
what types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease? |
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Definition
experimental epidemiology |
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Term
Aerosols may be involved in ____ transmission of pathogens. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens |
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Term
what pairing of microbe and disease was DISPROVEN using Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
Haemophilus influenza and the flu |
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Term
what is not a example of a zoonosis? |
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Definition
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Term
what are examples of zoonosis? |
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Definition
anthrax
salmonellosis
rabies
typhus |
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Term
What is the correct sequnce of disease process? |
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Definition
incubation
prodromal period
illness
decline
convalescence |
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Term
what is NOT considered a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
what IS considered to be a type of vehicle transmission of a pathogen? |
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Definition
AIR
FOOD
BODY FLUIDS
DRINKING WATER |
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Term
Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of? |
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Definition
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Term
what combinations of pathogen and virulence factor is correct? |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes and protein M |
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Term
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Definition
any microorganism that causes disease |
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Term
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Definition
organisms that remain in the body for a short time |
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Term
Opportunistic microorganisms are? |
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Definition
microorganisms that may cause disease under certain circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life |
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Term
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Definition
a relationship b/n two organisms where both members benefit |
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Term
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Definition
a relationship b/n two organisms where only one member benefits |
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Term
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Definition
a relationship b/n two organsism where one member harms the other |
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Term
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Definition
an environment that is free of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
unsucessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes |
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Term
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Definition
a source of microbial contamination |
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Term
in Commensalism, one member of the relationship harms the other? true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
Normal microbiota may cause disease if they are introduced into an unusual site in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
a syndrome is a groupd of sumptoms and signs that collectively caracterize a particular disease? |
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Definition
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Term
all diseases go through the stages known as incubation period, prodromal period, and illness? true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
Do fomites cause disease by direct contact? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Is a common cold an example of a chronic disease? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Infection from a mosquito bite is an example of parenteral route of transmission? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
An antiphagocytic factor is one that permits pathogens to avoid attack by macrophages? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
Koch's postulates can be applied ot every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
An infection always leads to disease? T/F |
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Definition
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Term
_______are toxins that affect the lining of the GI tract. |
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Definition
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Term
E. coli in the colon is an example of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
Places in the body where there is no normal microbiota are referred to as? |
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Definition
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Term
_____ interefere with the nerve function of the host. |
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Definition
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Term
The ___ period is the time b/n infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of disease. |
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Definition
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Term
Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the Upper Respiratory system. This situation is an example of_____. |
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Definition
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Term
_____ is an endotoxin that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock and blood coagulation. |
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Definition
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Term
Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal hosts to humans are knowns as ______. |
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Definition
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Term
Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of____ contact transmission. |
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Definition
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Term
______ not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the multiplication of the pathogen during some phase of the pathogens life cycle. |
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Definition
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Term
the bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. as a cholera epidemics primarily involve _____ reservoirs. |
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Definition
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Term
the study of the cause of disease is known as____. |
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Definition
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Term
the hepatitis C virus normally establishes a ____ infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade. |
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Definition
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Term
the study of the cause of when and where diseases occure is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
in 2% of pregnancies, pathogens cross the ____ and infect the embryo or fetus. |
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Definition
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Term
The ____ route is not a portal route of entry of a pathogen per se, but rather a way of cirumventing the usual portals. |
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Definition
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