Term
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Definition
| Synthesis reactions building up |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysis reactions breaking down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that facilitate chemical reactions. Reactant binds to a specific binding site on the enzyme resulting in a lowering of the reactions activation energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic cofactors come from vitamins (NAD & FAD). Inorganic cofactors include Fe, Zn, Mg & Cu. |
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Term
| Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions |
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Definition
| Dehydration, hydrolysis, & oxidation-reduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The gaining of an oxygen atom or the loss of a hydrogen atom. Or loss of an electron. |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of an oxygen atom or gaining of hydrogen. Gain of an electron. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals that inhibit enzyme function. 2 types, competitive & non-competitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy currency for all living things. Composed of adenine, ribose, & 3 phosphates. Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds & released when they are broken. |
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Term
| Aerobic (cellular) respiration |
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Definition
| Complete oxidation of glucose. 4 steps |
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Term
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Definition
Splitting glucose into 2 pyruvates.
2 ATP per pyruvate
2 NADH |
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Term
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Definition
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, occurs twice.
One C & H are removed from each pyruvate
1 O2 is used per pyruvate
1 CO2 is produced per pyruvate
1 NADH is produced per pyruvate |
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Term
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Definition
Citric acid cycle, occurs twice. Oxidation of last 4 carbon atoms. Acetyl CoA binds w/ oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid. Citric acid progresses through a series of reactions.
2 CO2 per cycle
1 ATP per cycle
3 NADH per cycle
1 FADH2 per cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Redox reactions. O2 is the final electron acceptor.
30 ATP from NADH and 4 from FADH2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Identical to aerobic except O2 is replaced w/ oxygen-containing salts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete oxidation of glucose. Does not require O2. Pyruvate is converted to either an acid or alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in 2 ATP, CO2, and alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results in 2 ATP plus an acid such as lactic acid and butyric acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carried out by phototrophs. Utilizes multiple pigments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorb solar energy & use it to energize. Oxygenic photosynthesis. Plants, algae, & cyanobacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in purple & green bacteria. Absorb different types of light allowing bacteria to live in different environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Light reaction, 2 pathways |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to create ATP only! Energized electron comes from chlorophyll itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to create ATP, NADH & O2. Excites an electron from an outside source. |
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Term
| Light-independent reaction |
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Definition
| Dark reaction. Uses energy from light reaction to convert CO2 to an organic molecule (usually sugar). |
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