Term
| What is the genome type, structure, envelope status, and size of parvoviruses? |
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Definition
-*ssDNA, linear (the odd one)
-Naked
-Icosahedral
-Very small |
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Term
| What are the medically important parvoviruses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the modes of transmission for B19? |
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Definition
-Respiratory route (resp. is reservoir)
-Fomites (on inanimate objects, ties, doorknobs, etc.)
-**Vertical transmission (can cross placenta)
-Means B19 is a *congenital infection |
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Term
| What is the pathogenisis of B19? |
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Definition
-It targets erythroid progenitor cells and causes cell lysis
-Only really see anemia if the patient has sickle cell |
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Term
| What are some other names for B19? |
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Definition
-Erythema infectiosum
-Slapped cheek fever
-Fifth disease (5th classified childhood rash disease) |
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Term
| What is the disease progression? (include incubation) |
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Definition
-The incubation period is 7-10 days
-Get flu-like symptoms with a **raised facial rash
-Also get some arthritis if in adults (much more common in children however); more severe in adults
-Both the rash and the arthralgias are caused by immune complexes |
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Term
| What are the symptoms in a fetus? |
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Definition
-Severe anemia
-Congestive heart failure
-Hydrops fetalis
-Spontaneous abortion |
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Term
| What type of vaccine is there? How do we treat it? |
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Definition
-There is none
-Most of us get this as a child and it passes without treatment |
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Term
| What is the genome type, structure, envelope status, and size of papillomaviruses? |
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Definition
-dsDNA, circular
-Naked
-Icosahedral
-Small |
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Term
| What are the medically important papillomaviruses? |
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Definition
| -**Human papilloma virus (HPV) |
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Term
| How many serotypes of HPV are there? How do they spread? |
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Definition
-Lots; over 75, and each can cause a different disease
-Pretty much all use skin as a reservoir and are spread by contact (sexual or other) or by *fomites (a common theme in naked viruses, as they can survive) |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis of HPV? How can it lead to malignancy? |
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Definition
-It infects the basal layer of the skin and causes hyperkeratosis leading to the wart formation
-E6 & E7 interfere with tumor suppressors (p53 & Rb respectively) |
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Term
| What is the proper name for genital warts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the important serotypes to know for condylomata acuminata? |
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Definition
-90% are the benign *serotypes 6 & 11
-**Serotypes 16 & 18 are the preneoplastic ones
-These are the ones that have E6 & E7
-95% of cervical cancers have HPV in DNA |
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Term
| What is the histological finding that diagnoses genital HPV? |
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Definition
-**Koilocytic cells in a pap smear
-There is a vacuole around an enlarged nucleus (sort of a halo around the nucleus), and they also stain differently |
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Term
| What are two ways to treat, other than just burning/freezing it off? |
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Definition
-Imiquimod; induces proinflammatory cytokines
-Cidofovir; virus specific |
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Term
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Definition
-There is vaccine called *Gardasil for 6, 11, 16*, and 18* (all the the ones mentioned)
-Uses capsid proteins |
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Term
| What are the medically important polyomaviruses? What is there shape, etc.? |
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Definition
-BK
-JC
-They are the same as papillomaviruses (dsDNA, circular, naked, icosahedral, small) |
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Term
| What is the reservoir for BK and JC? How do we diagnose them? How do we treat? |
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Definition
-Respiratory
-We use ELISA and PCR to diagnose
-Treatment is only supportive |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis for BK and JC and what do they cause? |
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Definition
BK; latent in kidneys
-Causes renal disease in AIDS patients
JC; oligodendrocytes (causing demyelination)
-Causes *progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients
-Notice that these viruses only affect the *immunocompromised |
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Term
| What is the genome type, structure, and envelope status of adenoviruses? |
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Definition
-dsDNA, linear
-Naked
-Icosahedral |
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Term
| What are the medically important adenoviruses? How many serotypes does it have? |
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Definition
-Adenovirus lol
-It, like HPV, has a hole bunch of serotypes (49) |
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Term
| What is the reservoir for adenovirus? How is it transmitted? |
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Definition
-Can be in animals and humans
-Transmission; respiratory, fecal-oral, or direct contact |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis for adenovirus? |
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Definition
-It has **penton fibers which cause hemagglutination
-The virus is lytic in permissive hosts and chronic or oncogenic in nonpermissive hosts
-In a nonpermissive host, the virus is not produced, but instead transforms the cell |
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Term
| What are the diseases associated with adenovirus? |
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Definition
Acute respiratory disease (ARD) and pneumonia
-More common in spring and winter
-Common in children and young adults (esp. *military)
Pharygoconjunctivitis
-Swimming pool conjunctivitis (pink eye)
-Also get fever, sore throat, coryza, red eyes
-No pus, like in bacterial conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
-Shipyard conjunctivitis (often from stuff in eyes)
-Highly contagious
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
-Usually in young boys (5-15
-Presents with bloody urine (cystitis is a bladder infection)
-Have to differentiate from post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (much more severe)
Gastroenteritis
-There are a bunch of others that cause this and this is not the most common |
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Term
| How do we diagnose, treat, and prevent adenovirus? |
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Definition
-Diagnose with serology and ELISA
-Supportive care
-We use a live, *unattenuated vaccine
-It is taken as a pill for military recruits |
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