Term
|
Definition
| Neutralization and Opsonization at mucosal surfaces |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cleaves glycosal bonds in the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall |
|
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Term
normal bacterial flora
-staph epidermidis
-c. xerosis |
|
Definition
| provide defense by competing with the pathogen |
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Term
|
Definition
-Inflamation of the Eyelid
-caused by S. Aureus usually
-may be caused by HSV, Varicella or Phthiris Pubis
-often chronic due to poor hygiene |
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Term
|
Definition
| "Pink- eye" can be both bacterial and viral |
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Term
|
Definition
-Infection of the cornea w/ ulcers and necrosis
-can cause blindness due to accumulation of immune cells
-caused by HSV or a parasite or following corneal trauma or contact lenses |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Infection of the conjunctiva and cornea
-caused by Adenovirus and Chlamydia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -itching, burning, redness and crusting of the eyelashes |
|
|
Term
| Complication of Blepharitis |
|
Definition
| -Stye/Hordeolum: acute localized infection of the tear gland, seb gland or hair follicle |
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Term
| S. Aureus distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-Gram + cocci
-CAT POSITIVE
-COAG POSITIVE (differentiates from other staph, allows abscess formation)
-Beta hemolytic
-mannitol fermentation
-resistant to penicillin! |
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|
Term
| S. Aureus virulence factors |
|
Definition
-Protein A (binds to Fc of IgG preventing opsonization)
-Coagulase
-Fibronectin Binding Protein
-Alpha toxin (lyses cells) |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Conjunctivitis distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-Acute onset
-Purulent Discharge
-Pruritis |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial agents causing Conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
-S. Epidermidis
-S. Pyogenes
-S. PNA
-H. Aegyptius (gram -) |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Conjunctivitis Dx and Tx |
|
Definition
-Hx and PEx
-Gram Stain
-Topical Abx |
|
|
Term
| S. Epidermidis distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-COAG NEGATIVE (like all staph except Aureus)
-Novobiocin sensitive
-normal flora of skin
-Has Biofilm (protects against complement and phagocytosis) |
|
|
Term
| Streptococcus group features |
|
Definition
-Gram + cocci in pairs or chains
-facultative anaerobes
-non-motile
-CAT negative
-classified by alpha/beta/gamma
-Lancefield Ags |
|
|
Term
| S. Pyogenes distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-pairs or chains
-group A has A Ag
-beta hemolytic
*susceptible to bacitracin
-lives in nares, URT and skin |
|
|
Term
| S. Pyogenes virulence factors |
|
Definition
-M Protein and Protein F (binding to conjunctiva)
-Protein G (prevents opsonization)
-c5a peptidase and IgA protease
-Streptolysins O and S
-exotoxins SPEA |
|
|
Term
| S. PNA distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-No Lancefield Ags
-Alpha hemolytic
-grows in pairs (cocci)
-Optochin sensitive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Polysaccharide capsule
-Autolysins (in cell wall)
-Pneumolysins (in cytoplasm) |
|
|
Term
| H. Aegyptius (Influenzae) distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-Gram negative bacilli
-facultative anaerobe
-grows on Choc Agar w/ NAD and Factor X
-non-encapsulated |
|
|
Term
| H. Aegyptius virulence factors |
|
Definition
-IgA Protease
-Biofilm
(does NOT cause PNA or otitis media!) |
|
|
Term
| Neonatal Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Purulent) AKA Opthamlmia Neonatorum |
|
Definition
-presents during first month of life (3-5 days post birth usually)
-caused by N. Gonorrhea or Chlamydia Trachomatis
-can lead to blindness or systemis illness
-tx w/ erythromycin ointment |
|
|
Term
| N. Gonorrhoeae distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-Gram negative diplococci
-non motile
-Oxidase positive
-Aerobic (increase Co2)
-ferments GLUCOSE only
-NON encapsulated |
|
|
Term
| N. Gonorrhoeae virulence factors |
|
Definition
-Pili/adherence-antigentic variation and phase variation; urethral, vaginal, recta, conjunctival epithelium)
-lipooligosaccharide
-Sialic acid- mimics RBS's
-IgA Protease
-OMP's for attachement |
|
|
Term
| Chlamydiae distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-leading cause of preventable blindness
-intracellular parasite (can't make ATP)
-grows in inclusion bodies
-cell wall looks Gram Neg.
-need to identify w/ immunofluorescence
-has group specific Ag
-transmitted by contact and flies
-3-10 day incubation |
|
|
Term
| C.Trachomatis Distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-causes Trachoma (serotype A-C)
-causes STDs leading to inclusional conjunctivits and PNA in infants
-causes Lymphogranuloma Venereum |
|
|
Term
| Neonatal Conjunctivitis (ICN) |
|
Definition
-sxs begin 5-14 days post birth in 20-50% of newborns with infected mothers
-conjunctival inflammation with purulent YELLOW d/c
-tx systemically to prevent PNA x 6 mo. |
|
|
Term
| Viral conjunctivitis sx's |
|
Definition
-acute OR subacute onset (more often)
-clear, watery d/c
-pruritis common
-often post URI |
|
|
Term
| Viral conjuntivitis causes |
|
Definition
-Adenovirus (esp in kids)
-HSV1 (chronic, can progress to keratitis)
-VZV |
|
|
Term
| Adenovirus distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-non enveloped virus
-transmitted by respiratory secretions, fomites and contaminated pools
-self limiting virus
-may progress to kerato-conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pain
-Photophobia
-Blurred Vision
-Redness |
|
|
Term
| HSV1 distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-enveloped virus
-replicates in conrean epithelium
-estbs latency in tirgeminal ganglia
-one of the most frequent causes of blindness and conjunctivitis in the US |
|
|
Term
| Parasitic Eye Infection Causes |
|
Definition
-Acanthamoeba (Protozoan)
-Onchocerca Volvulus (Helminth Nematode) |
|
|
Term
| Acanthamoeba distinguising features |
|
Definition
-Protozoan (cyst in environment and trophozoite in pt)
-found in fresh, brackish, and salt water, humidifiers, soil and dust
-aquired by direct contact, swimming or via contacts
-common in US |
|
|
Term
| Keratitits and corneal ulcers caused by Acanthamoeba sx and dx |
|
Definition
-FB sensation
-Severe pain
-Photophobia
-can dx by presence of trophozoits/cysts in corneal scrapings |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (subacute) |
|
Definition
-caused by Acanthamoeba
-common in chronically ill
-sxs for several weeks with a HA and AMS |
|
|
Term
| Filarial Worms general features |
|
Definition
-long/thread-like
-inhabit lymph system and sub Q tissue
-eggs are long and thin- microfilariae |
|
|
Term
| Onchocerca Volvulus distinguishing features/mode of infection |
|
Definition
-transmitted by Black Fly (in Africa mostly)
-causes 'River Blindness'
-fly bites host and injects larval form, adult worms develop and group together, form a fibrous nodule (mate inside and release 1000's of microfilariae p/day), eggs migrate into cornea, leave nodules on trunk, limbs and head while migrating
-vascular changes in eye causing inflammation and blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dermatitis/pruritis
-skin looses elasticity (wrinkled)
-eye lesions/blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-caused by C. Trachomatis
-early: inflammatory changes in cornea and mucopurulent d/c
-late/re-infections: corneal abrasions, scarring, eyelid deformities and blindness
-keratoconjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-clinical appearance (follicles under eyelid)
-group specific serovar testing from eye secretions and blood
-immunofluorescence
-PCR based assay |
|
|
Term
| Folliculitis/Furunculitis |
|
Definition
-External Ear infection caused usually by S. Aureus
-acute/focal abscess formation in hair follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Swimmer's ear
-diffuse external ear infection
-develops as a result of excessive moisture and elevated pH which is hospitable to P. Aerunginosa |
|
|
Term
| P. Aerunginosa distinguishing features |
|
Definition
-Gram Negative Bacilli
-Aerobic
-Motile with single flagella
-Oxidase positive
-Sweet/grape odor-opportunistic- CF pts
-live in the environment, can colonize URT and GI tract |
|
|
Term
| P. Aeruginosa virulence factors |
|
Definition
-Extracellular Slime; alginate
-Hemolysins
-Exotoxin A (causes local effects only- cell death)
-Elastase: inactivates IgA, IgG, complement and targets elastin in lungs and BV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-follows URI, common in kids
-often caused by various viruses, S. PNA,
H. Influenzae Type B |
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