Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| • Acidotrophic methanogen |
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Term
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Definition
• Strict anerobes: NO OXYGEN
• Take Co2 to methane
• Lives in guts of animals
• Can consume acetane(fermenataion product)
Co enzymes and cofactors involved
• All begin with “methano” |
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Term
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Definition
• High pH…tolerate around 12pH
• Uses sodium ion instead of proton ions to prevent them from being neutralized by environment.
• Can also pump potassium
• Can’t use ATP to pump water because it would diffuse back up |
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Term
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Definition
• Theory based on
• Proton motile force associated with mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
• Can exist as chemoorganotrophs can use some oxygen
• Primary pigment-bacteria radoption like found in retina
• Has cronoid as assery pigments or protection
• Has a membrane and ATPase
• Changes shape when hit by certain photons and pumps proton on exterior of membrane.
• Conserves energy from light, has no chlorophyll. “really is photosynthetic” |
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Term
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Definition
• Many are extremaphile
• Very cold places or very hot places
• Can live in extreme salt environment and extreme pH.
• PCR extracted from extremophiles
• Enter Duteruff pathway
• Have kreb cycle
• ETS- a, b, c, type cytochrome system
• Many hydrogen oxidizing
• Can do mathanogenesis
• Lack if chlorophyll based synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
• DNA closed in circular form
• Histone proteins present
• Membrane enclosed present
• Caranic acid present---wall
• Ester linked membrane
• 70s ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
• Not anerobic
• Brightly colored organism
• Pigmented rods |
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Term
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Definition
| • Three domains of life based on 70s |
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Term
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Definition
• Prevalent organism in human gut
• Anerobes
• Over 10 to the 10th per gram of human feces
• People who eat meat have higher ratios of bacteris
• Can cause abdominal infection…gunshot, stab wounds |
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Term
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Definition
• Lithotroph
• Lives in spring water, well water…very little organic carbon |
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Term
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Definition
• Has different type of cell wall does not make peptidolglycan
• Has wall made of protein---S layer
• Has a nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
• Intracellular parasite
• Can make its own protein---translate
• Steals ATP from the host
• Most prevalent bacteria STD
• Some think plaque formed by disease contribute to heart attack |
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Term
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Definition
• Enbionicsymbotic theory---evolved from prokaryotes.
• Lot in common with chloroplast
• Have chloraphill A and B
• Oxygenc photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
• Fix nitrogen in dark
• Protects itself from oxygen-conformational protection |
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Term
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Definition
• Heterocysts
• Glows—refractile
• Inside cell fix nitrogen
• Oxygenic phototroph
• Does not has photosystem 2 in cell---no oxygen generated in cell
• Has wall to block diffusion of oxygen in cell |
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Term
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Definition
• Blue green algae
• Prokaryotes oxygenic photosynthesis
• Has chlorhphyll
• Distinct morphological appearance |
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Term
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Definition
• Symbiotic two member association formed by the green sulfur bacteria with a chemoorgananotrophic bacteria
o Both anerobes
o Sulfate reduced to sulfur |
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Term
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Definition
• Green sulfur bacteria
• Citric acid cycle
• Phototrophic
• Anaerobe
• Can oxidize bacteria
• Has chlorosomes (harvest light---major structure, not totally enclosed) |
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Term
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Definition
• Found in the soil
• Has gliding motility- not flagellum
• Can eat cellulose
• Isolates organism take bacteria cell, blow it up and over lay. |
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Term
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Definition
• Associated with infant meningitis
• Not anaerobic “brightly colored” |
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Term
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Definition
• Anerobes- found in the human gut
• Proteolithic
• Present in human feces |
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Term
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Definition
• Makes proponic acid
• it give Swiss cheese its flavor.
• Unique fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
• Club shaped
• Causes diphtheria |
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Term
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Definition
• Large genus
• Most antibotics are derived from streptomyces---common in soil
• Excrete substrate from outside the cell---use lots of energy
• Kills neighbor to get their food
• Powdery appearance to the plate
• Produce spores that can with stand dry…not endospores
• Uses poison to get food from other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
• grows slowly-pathogenic
• acid fast staining
• has an envelop
• has non-polar characteristic to cell
• some dieaseses it causes are long lasting. Takes years for people to show symptons.
• Acid-fast staining due to mycolic acid
• Hydrophobic gut of cell does not decolorize
• Causes leopercy and TB |
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Term
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Definition
| • figure out oxidation phosphorlation |
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Term
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Definition
• produces endospores
• causes stinkers |
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Term
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Definition
• uses lots of hydrogen
• non acetate |
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Term
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Definition
• made of ferrous iron
• bean shaped
• clogs pipes but gets something out of it????
• Lithotroph: value not good, iron oxidation at neutral pH---very little ∆G exchanged.
• Organism not grown in pure culture. |
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Term
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Definition
• gliding myxobacteria
• fruiting budding
• has the largest genome of prokaryotes-genome in range of yeast |
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Term
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Definition
• stalk bacteria
• grows in “clean water”
• grown in water cartilage---likes activated carbon????? |
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Term
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Definition
• contribute to bulking-important problem in sewage treatment (clog pipes)
• causes “sewage fungus” filaments slime found on rocks (prokaryote≠fungus)
• oxidizes Fe+3
• causes corrosion and clogging |
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Term
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Definition
• cells in hallow sheath
• oxidizes metalse
• filamentous |
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Term
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Definition
• causes gastritis_ulcers
• most common cause of undiagnosed dirarrhea
• microaerophilic
• causes enteritis (diarrhea)
• gram (-) spirilla
• found in poultry (causes food poisoning)
• spontaneous abortion |
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Term
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Definition
• Freshwater microaerophile: one of the first discovered
• resorts to aerotaxis, in order to remain in favourable O2 concentration conditions |
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Term
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Definition
• Spiral shaped
• Habitat mainly freshwater
• Motile by polar flagella
• Uses other magnetosomes???
• Aerobic
• Eats other gram (-) spiral shaped bacteria…bores through the outer membrane and digest then reproduces in the periplasma
• Gram negative
• Most not pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
• Very little independent metabolism
• Can change the sex of insects
• Can transfer host genes
• Lives only in cells of host-usually insects |
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Term
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Definition
• Gram negative
• All parasitic (interacellular) obligate intracellular
• All causes diseases (i.e. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus)
• Very little metabolism on its own
• Has functional ATP system
• Makes proteins |
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Term
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Definition
• Photobacterium
• Will light up
• Gram negative bent rods
• Can cause cholera
• Oxidase positive
• Fermentative metabolism
• Transmitted via water |
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Term
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Definition
• Gram (-) rod
• Purple pigment (C. Vivaceurm)
• Rarely causes infection, but when it does it is fatal
• Pus forming-purple ooze
• Contacted in spring water and drinking water. |
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Term
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Definition
• Gram negative cocci
• Most gram negative are rods but this organism is a cocci
• Causes gonera and meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
• fixes nitrogen: requires ATP, Fd (electronegative reducing agent)
• free living in soil and in water.
• Has a protection mechanism slime layer: impedes diffusion of O2; ETS consuming O2 to H2O
• Fastest rate of respiration than any known organism |
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Term
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Definition
• used in making vinegar from ethanol
• aerobic: won’t contaminate wine without oxygen
• ethnolacetate (incomplete respiration)
• complete citric acid cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
• Ferments sugar to alchol
• “spiddle beer” |
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Term
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Definition
• page 368
• can live off carbon monoxide as electron donor and carbon source.
• Enter-Dandruff pathway
• Gram (-)
• Has cytochrome (cytochrome C oxidase)
• Oxidase (+)
• Do not ferment
• Breaks down pesticide and hydrocarbons
• P. aeruginosa: pathogenic; hard to kill organism found in hospitals. |
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Term
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Definition
• page 363
• has 2 hydrogenase
o generation of proton motor force and ATP production
o reduction of NAD reducing potential
o both oxidize hydrogen using oxygen as electron acceptor |
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Term
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Definition
• page 368
• can live anaerobic with nitrate as electron donor |
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Term
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Definition
• nuterualphile
• lives in flowing water environment and certain gradients
• hydrogen sulfide kills rice plants pumps oxygen down to it’s roots and takes advantage. Moves hydrogen sulfide from the roots. Help detoxify ribosphere (environment around the root of plants) |
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Term
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Definition
• can live at pH below 0. makes sulfuric acid problem industrially
• makes sulfuric acid in pipes
• industrial problem
• can cause sewage pipes to break
• can live in concentration of sulfuric acid of 1 mol. |
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Term
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Definition
| • Worked with lithotrophs; grown in inorganic solution; turns over lots of substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| • Key enzyme in NH3 oxidation. Oxidaizes NH3 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Chemolithotrophsderive energy from oxidative ammonia
• Does nitrie oxidation
• Nitrite oxidation very little energy in the reaction |
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Term
| Purple non-surfur bacteria |
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Definition
• Rhodo bro.
• Anaerobic
• Can ferment in the dark or aerobic respirate carbs or hydrogen
• Photohertotrophs
• Most nutritionally diverse
• Can’t uses water as electron donor do not make oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
• Makes proponic acid
• Gives swiss cheese its flavor
• No ETS |
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Term
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Definition
• Cubed shaped
• Caused diphtheria |
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Term
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Definition
• Parasitic in plants(plants that suck on insects)/insects
• Helical shaped
• Contain gene that appears that appears to come from both insects and plants |
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Term
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Definition
• No cell wall
• Low G-C
• Related to gram positive
• Small genome
• Obligate intercellular lives outside the cell, osmotically protected environment |
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Term
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Definition
• Fermentation
• Used to make fuel |
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Term
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Definition
| ferrous ion sulfur oxidizing |
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Term
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Definition
• Most ponent biological poisoning
• Can kill over 1 million rats
• Causes Tecnus neuro-toxin |
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Term
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Definition
• Found in soil
• Makes endospores
• Anerobe
• Spoils food
• Can ferment |
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Term
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Definition
• Causes eye infections
• Forms endospores
• Very few in environment found in soil
• Anthrax
• Herded animal’s disease, but people can contract.
• Makes coccus
• Used as a pesticide in plants
• Insect disease |
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Term
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Definition
• Gram positive
• Grows well in the refrigerator
• “not nice lactobacillus relative”
• Cause of bad meat
• Can contaminate dairy products
• Can cause spontaneous abortion in preganant women because it can cross the placenta barrier
• Reason why we pasteurize cheese |
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Term
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Definition
• Strict aerobic
• “devil bug” found in air
• Functional ETS
• Oxidase positive and catylase positive
• Heterofermentative tactic acid |
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Term
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Definition
• ferments lactic acid
• “good organism” can prevent intestinal disease and vaginal yeast infection
• Used to make buttermilk
• Homofermentativemake cheese yogurt and other dairy products
• Probiotics: antimicrobial properties
• Inhibits lost of infections |
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Term
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Definition
• Aerobic
• Catalase positive
• Growth by fermentation
• No motility
• Found on skin or mucous membrane
• Yellow pigment
• Associated with boils, pimples and etc. |
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