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Micro Test 1
Micro Test 1- Lee Couch
66
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/19/2010

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Cards

Term
Microbiology
Definition
the study of tiny life; micro organism
Term
mycology
Definition
study of fungi
Term
bacteriology
Definition
study of bacteria
Term
paracytology
Definition
study of parasites
Term
What impacts does bacteria have on our life?
Definition
they can eat oil, help us digest food, cause disease/illness, kills plants/animals
Term

Carbohydrates:

made of?

how they are bonded?

functions?

Definition

sacchrides

glycosidic linkage

 

cell wall, cell to cell receptors, short term E, cell support

Term

Lipids:

made of?

bond?

function?

Definition

phos- and glycolipids

ester linkage

 

cell membrane, long term storage, hormones

 

Term

Proteins

made of?

bond?

function?

Definition

Amino Acids

peptide linkage

 

E storage, structure, cell membrane, homones, protection, enzymes

 

Term

Nucleic Acids

made of?

bond?

function?

Definition

DNA & RNA

nucleotides

phosphodiester linkage

 

genes & RNA

Term
Simple Stain
Definition
size, arrangement, shape
Term
Negative Stains
Definition

repel acidic; cling to slide

presence of a capsule?

Term
Differential Types?
Definition

gram +/-

Acid-fast

flagella

endospore

Term

Gram +/- 

 

based on what?

Definition
Cell Wall
Term

Acid Fast:

 

test for?

Definition
lipids ( mycolic acids)
Term

Microscope:

 

steromicrocope

 

Definition
disecting
Term

Microscope:

 

Compound

 

Definition

Using a light source

 

bright or dark field

Term

Microscope:

 

Phase Contrast

Definition

living subject

by room light/ light source

Term

Microscope:

 

DIC

Definition

Differential Interface Contrast

 

3d image

Term

Microscope:

Confocal

Definition
Using a computer
Term

Microscope:

 

Electron

Definition

Transmission: internal

Scanning: surface

 

using e- beam

Term

Microscope:

 

Scanning Tunneling

 

 

Definition

detailed surface

using metal probe

Term

Microscope:

 

Atomic Force

Definition
3D molecules
Term
Prokaryote Shapes
Definition

Cocci- round

Bacillus- rod

spirilla - spiral

 

staphylo- grape

strepto- line

Term

Whose metabolic rate is faster?

pro or eukaryote

Definition

Prokaryote!!!

 

the smaller surface to volume ratio

Term
Glycocalyx
Definition

outer sugar layer

polysachrides + glycoproteins

 

 

Term

Glycocalyx:

 

Capsule

Slime Layer

S-Layer

Definition

Capsule: keeps cell from drying out

prevents phagocytosis

 

Slime Layer: immunity

adherence

 

S-Layer: protects from environment

iron or pH change

Term
Flagella
Definition

made up of flagellin protien

main tool for mobility

 

mono- one

lopho- one group

amphi- opposite sides

peri- all around

Term
Axial Filaments
Definition

on spirilla shaped cells,

like a spring,

used for movement

Term

Pili

or Pilus

Definition

made up pilin proteins

 

cell to other bacteria cells

Term

Fimbrae

 

 

Definition

made up of pilin proteins

 

many and short

cell to host attachment, allowing to release toxin

Term

Peptidoglycan:

 

what is it built of?

what does it make up?

Definition

cell wall

 

made up of N-acetylmuramic acid (nam)

N-acetylglucosamic acid (nag)

 

 

Cross Bridges:

A or D alanine

D glutamic acid

lysine (gram +)
DAP (gram -)

 

 

Term
How does penicillan affect the cell wall?
Definition
prevents transpeptidation of the amino acids of the cross bridge
Term
How does our enzyme lysosomes affect the cell wall?
Definition

breaks the sugar backbone.

breaks apart the nam and nag sugars

Term
Gram +
Definition

90% peptidoglycan

 

teichoic and lipoteichoic acids- hold membrane to wall, receptors

 

wall proteins

Term
Gram -
Definition

10% peptidoglycan

 

LPS (lipopolysachride layer)

 

Periplasm- between membranes

 

 

Term
in gram - cells there is an endotoxin, what is it?
Definition
Lipid A
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition

phosopholipid bilayer

 

 

Term
Simple Difusion
Definition

No E

 

High to Low

Term
Facilitated Diffusion
Definition

No E

 

High to Low

 

transport protein

Term
Active Transport
Definition

E

transport protein

 

low to high

Term
Group translocation
Definition

Need E

 

cells release an enzyme which modifies the molecule so it can pass through proteins

Term
Hopanoids
Definition
improve structure or membrane; such as chlosterol in Eukaryotes
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition

H2O gel

Nucleic Region-houses circular dna

 

Term
plasmoids
Definition
extra dna strands
Term
Inclusions
Definition
storage spaces
Term
Ribosomes
Definition

protein synthesis

drugs usually kill this

Term

endospore

 

Definition
outer shell built when the cell feels it is not in an environment condusive to growing/functioning
Term
Cell Wall Synthesis
Definition
amino acids and sugars are built by the metabolism, assembled into peptidoglycan, then autolysins poke holes in wall, allowing peptidoglycan to move in
Term
Acid Fast
Definition
thick waxy outer layer
very slow growing
mycolic acids ( lipids) dont allow chemicals in
Term
Mycoplasmas
Definition
no cell wall
very suseptable to H20
having pumping mechanisms to keep isotonic
Term
Redox Reactions
Definition
creation of E (ATP)
oxidized- loosing H+
Reduced- gaining H+
Term
Phosphorylation
Definition
adding an inorganic phosphate to a molecule
Term
theory of endosynthesis
Definition
bigger cells engolfed little cells. we think this because mitochondria and chloroplasts both have dna, both have ribosomes, both affected by drugs, undergo translocation
Term
metabolism

means?
2 parts?
Definition
to change

catabolism- breakdown, release E
anabolism- putting together, need E
Term
Steps of Metabolism
Definition
Entry
Catabolic Reactions- breakdown
Biosynthesis- putting together monomers
Polymerization- making into polymers
Assemly- making into final product
Term
Enzymes do what?
Definition
speed up reactions
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
Need O2
create most energy
O is the receptor off the ETC
Term
Anaerobic Respiration
Definition
NO O2

nonorganic molecules is the receptor off the ETC
Term
Fermentation
Definition
releases C02
4 atp released
Term
Inhibitors
Definition
stop ETC by not allowing e- flow
Term
Uncouplers
Definition
poke holes through membrane, allowing H+ in too soon causing no E to be made
Term
Where are the lipoproteins found?
Definition
gram negative cell wall
Term
Dehyradtion Synthesis
Definition
bond which forms and produces H20
Term
Hydrolysis
Definition
breaking a bond, requiring an H20 molecule
Term
Does a phase contrast microscope use stains?
Definition
NO
Term
If your trying to identify a mycoplasma what stain wouldnt you use?
Definition
acid fast stain
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