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| a common and in some cases deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium ___________ |
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| Having an immune system that has been impaired by disease or treatment. |
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| is a problem caused by high volume of food production and has resulted in significant changes in the beef industry |
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Definition
| bacterial hemorhagic disease |
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| aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. This organism is known for causing skin infections in addition to many other types of infections. |
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| MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus |
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| is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). |
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| the potential to cause disease |
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is caused by the organism Yersinia pestis. Rodents, such as rats, spread the disease to humans.
People can get the plague when they are bitten by a flea that carries the plague bacteria from an infected rodent. |
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| the study of diseases in populations of humans or other animals, specifically how, when and where they occur |
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Term
| inhalation of human produced aerosols of anthrax spores could produce a lethal ______ on a massive scale |
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| The development of a disease. The origin of a disease and the chain of events leading to that disease |
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Term
| are required fpor the organism to persist in the host, cause disease, and escape the host defense so that the infection can continue |
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| immune system becomes involved immediately in an attempt to kill or expel pathogens |
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| represent the nonspecific 1st line of defense by the hos |
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Term
| second line of defense, ____________, specific defense w/ memory |
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| are substances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the object |
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| are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. |
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| also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of bacteria (but not Archaea), forming the cell wall |
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| microorganisms are used to recycle water during sewage treatment, converting waste into useful byproducts such as CO2, nitrates, phosphates, etc... |
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Definition
| bioremediation and recycling |
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| bacteria and their products have been used extensively to control pests |
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| bacteria and viruses are used in treating people like the drug insulin |
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Definition
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| whatg 5 tasks must pathogens accomplish to be success in causing disease |
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Definition
| must: get in, stay in, defeat the host defenses, damage the host, and be transmissible |
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| the infection process involves two steps |
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Definition
| adaptation and transmissibility |
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| treatment of disease relies on |
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Some of these organisms provide important products and services to the body.
Under certain circumstances, these organisms become pathogenic.
When this happens, the organisms are called |
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| is the study of factors determining the frequency and distribution of disease. |
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| In epidemiology, pathogens are studied by how well they meet the five requirements of infection: |
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Definition
Entry (Get in)
Establishment (Stay in)
Defeat the host defense
Damage the host
Be transmissible |
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Term
| In epidemiology, pathogens are classified by the transmission mechanisms they use. Such as: |
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Definition
Air
Food or water
Insect vectors
Person-to-person contact |
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Term
| Virulence factors are required for a pathogen to do the following: |
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Definition
Persist in the patient
Cause disease
Escape or defeat host defenses |
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| Bacterial pathogens can: |
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Definition
Produce digestive enzymes
Produce toxins |
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Term
| pathogens can kill the host cells. |
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Some directly attack host defenses
Some change their looks (a form of camouflage)
Some hide |
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Definition
| Many pathogens have developed methods to defeat host defenses. |
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are toxic chemicals and therefore must act selectively.
They must kill the disease-causing microorganisms but not harm the patient |
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Definition
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| Many potent and successful tools are available to defeat infection. These include: |
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Definition
Antibiotics
Disinfectants and antiseptics |
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Term
| cells are very similar to human cells so very few chemicals are selectively toxic. |
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are intracellular parasites so either:
They must be attacked before entry into a host cell.
or
The infected host cells must be killed to kill the |
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are very beneficial to humans as they are able to:
Recycle vital elements in soil.
Convert elements in the environment into usable forms.
Return CO2 into the atmosphere |
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| can be engineered to produce drugs. |
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| can be used for gene therapy strategies. |
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