Term
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Definition
| Movement of materials through a membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the body's immune response is initiated by an invading foreign substance, this may be through an infection or an immunisation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any structural or functional change to an organism that enables it to have an increased survival within its environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration is carried out with oxygen present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plates of agar used for culturing micro-organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Respiration carried out in the absence of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein produced by the body as part of the immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that the body treats as foreign and initiates an immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproduction that produces genetically identical offspring from one parent. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bacterium that is rod-shaped. |
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Term
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Definition
| Micro-organisms that are single celled and lack a nuclear membrane. There are many different types of bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which bacteria reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of asexual reproduction that involves a bud forming from the body of a parent. It detaches to from a new individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cycle in which carbon is used and re-used throughout the eco-system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The unit that makes up all living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The semi-permeable membrane forming the outer boundary of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| An outer layer of a cell that is ridged and in plants and most algae it is made of cellulose. It is not found in animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very small hair-like structures that protrude from cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spherical-shaped bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of individual cells that have developed from a single parent cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection that can be passed between individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| An interaction that occurs between individuals or populations. This may be over environmental factors they share or that overlap, e.g. food, light or shelter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic matter that is being decayed by micro-organisms such as fungi and bacteria, usually used as a fertiliser to enhance soils. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this context it is when unwanted micro-organisms are present on agar plates. |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection that is easily passed from one organism to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A control is a duplicate set-up in an experiment with everything identical except for the variable you are testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A culture is a group of micro-organisms grown for a specific use, e.g. a group of bacteria grown on nutrient agar under specific conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A jelly-like substance found in a cell. It is a matrix in which the cells organelles are suspended. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical break down of matter. |
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Term
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Definition
A chemical process carried out by denitrifying bacteria that breaks down nitrates in the soil to nitrogen that is released into the atmosphere.
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Term
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Definition
| A natural process in which particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration until an even distribution of particles occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in living organisms that break down food particles into smaller forms that can be easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the normal functioning of body cells, tissues of organs is disrupted. |
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Term
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Definition
| The spread of a disease from one organism to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inactive period in which growth stops. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is produced by respiration in cells and used to carry out other life processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical, physical and biological aspects of the area in which an organism lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that is a biological catalyst in cellular reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| An outbreak of a disease affecting large numbers of organisms in a population at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of an organism getting rid of its wastes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A form of anaerobic respiration. Used in the production of some foods and drinks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long thread-like structures, attached to bacteria which allow them to move. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of micro-organisms that can exist as either unicellular or multicellular. Yeasts and moulds. |
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Term
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Definition
| May be in the form of DNA or RNA. Contains information for the cell to make proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique that involves altering the organism by inserteing genes from one other organism into its DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rate at which a colony of micro-organisms' increases in number. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell or organism that provides food, shelter or in the case of viruses; essential processes it requires for reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic matter found in soil formed by the decomposition of plant material by soil micro-organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A filament in fungi that secretes digestive enzymes onto substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the body that is involved with fighting foreign substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of an organism that is not susceptible to a specific disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right conditions, e.g. temperature, moisture, pH, nutrients for a micro-organims to survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| The invasion of a living organism by a pathogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a immune response by the body to a pathogen or foreign substance. Usually produces symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The placing of a small amount of a bacterial or fungi colony on a culture medium. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A type of white blood cell that has little cytoplasm and a large nucleus. They are formed in the lymph nodes and help fight infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| A organism that can only be seen with the use of a microscope. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A type of slimy substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many cells working together to form an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mass of hyphae that forms the body of a fungus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that turns the nitrogen (mostly ammonia) in decaying organic matter into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria in the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical process carried out by nitrogen fixing bacteria that takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and assimilates it into organic compounds that can be used by plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A jelly-like substance that contains nutrients for growing micro-organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any substance that a living organism requires for nutrition. Either for energy or structural growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease causing organisms that quickly take any opportunity to infect hosts. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual living system that carries out MRS C GREN. It can be unicellular or multicellular. |
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Term
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Definition
| An essential substance for aerobic respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that lives in or on a host organim that causes damage or harm to its host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity against a pathogen that is gained from either breast milk or colostrum or can be a vaccination or antibodies. It is short term. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that causes disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cell that is part of the immune response. It engulfs and breaks down foreign particles. The process is called phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cellular process of reacting carbon dioxide and water using light to produce glucose and oxygen. It requires chlorophyll and only occurs in producers (plants). |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of essential elements around an eco-system. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this context it is the copying of genetic material to form new viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hyphae that contain sporangium full of spores. (Fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| A cellular process that uses oxygen and water and glucose to form energy and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that feeds off dead or decaying matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a substance produced by the organism to outside the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A structure that is used to contain waste from toilets and grey water systems from a house. |
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Term
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Definition
| Faeces and organic waste matter that may come from animal or human sources that is dissolved or suspended in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A layer of slime that is found on the outer most part of some micro-organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A bacteria shaped like a spiral. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reproductive structure in fungi that produces spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reproductive cell. It can develop into an individual when conditions in certain conditions are present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Free from contamination of micro-organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance which fungi and bacteria are able to secrete enzymes into and gain nutrition for growth and reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change or sensation experienced by an organism that is associated with a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of cells of similar structure organised in a way that enables them to carry out certain functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damaging to an organisms health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that are damaging to an organisms health. They affect the normal functioning of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The spread of a disease from one organism to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism has been infected with the disease or infection. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that only have one cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| To inoculate with a vaccine to produce immunity to specific disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vector is used to describe an animal that passively transmits disease from one organism to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cloning vector is used to insert foreign fragments of DNA into a host cells genetic material. |
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Term
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Definition
| A comma shaped bacterium. |
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Term
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Definition
| A very small particle that is inert outside a host cell. When it reaches a host cell it is able to replicate; as it does it destroys the host cell. They are pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of unicellular organisms that are classified as Fungi. |
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