Term
|
Definition
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Protein folding
Protein processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3base sequence of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid |
|
|
Term
| Enzymes involved in replication |
|
Definition
Helicase (untwisting, breaking h-bonds)
Primase (synthesizing RNA primer)
DNA Polymerase 2 (adds bases, proofreads)
DNA Polymerase 1 (remove RNA primer, close gaps, repair mismatches)
Ligase (final binding of nicks in DNA synthesis and repair)
Toiposomerases (supercoiling and untangling) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is usually in off mode, until the appropriate substrate binds to its allosteric site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normally in on mode, and will be turned off when the nutrientis no longer required; excess nutrient serves as corepressor needed to block the action of the operon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Random changes in DNA due to replication error |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exposed to mutagens in environment |
|
|
Term
| 3 means for recombination |
|
Definition
| Conjugation, transformation, and transduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sex pilus of F+ bacteria (contains plasmid) transfers plasmid into F- bacteria
Viable factors: virulence, resistance genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Free floating DNA, cell must be competent (have proper membrane receptors to pick up DNA)
Unlimited cloning techniques (dead cells can give to live cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Generalized: random fragments of host DNA are taken up by the phage during assembly
Specialized: a highly specific part of the host genome is regularly incorporated into the virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destruction of ALL microbial life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroys most microbial life, reducing contamination on inanimate surfaces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destroys most microbial life on living surfaces (iodine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mechanical removal of most microbes from a living or non-living surface (hand washing, filtration) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agents that prevent the growth of bacteria on tissues or objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Agent that destroys all bacteria except for those in the endospore stage |
|
|
Term
| Anti-microbial targets:cell membrane |
|
Definition
| Detergents (surfactants) work as microbial agents, break open phospholipid bilayer |
|
|
Term
| Anti-microbial targets: cell wall |
|
Definition
| chem, detergents, alcohol) block synthesis, digest it, breakdown surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form ATP from ATP Synthase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Utilizes oxygen containing ions instead of free oxygen (CO3, H2O...) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transported extracellularly where they breakdown large food molecules or harmful chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Break things down in cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Weak bonds that maintain native shape of apoenzyme are broken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary:polypeptide chain
Secondary: intrachain bonds and folds (helical or sheets)
Tertiary: 3D folding
Quaternary: several 3d shapes bound together by weak forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-protein molecules (organic, inorganic molecules) that help enzymatic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Members cooperate and share nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some members are inhibited or destroyed by others (antibiotics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obligatory dependent; both members benefit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One benefits; other member not harmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Parasite dependent; host harmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grows best at higher co2 tension than is normally present in atmosphere (streptococcus pneumonia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monitor population growth and interact with each other (share info, harder to kill). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total number of cells= (starting number of cells) 2^ total time/generation time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -15degrees ---> 15degrees freezer microbes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Human pathogens; 20-40 degrees Celsius (10-50 in extremes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Optimally >45 degrees; 45-80 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 categories of microbe nutrition |
|
Definition
Macronutrients (CHO)
Micronutrients (trace elements) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relies totally on inorganic molecules (micronutrients) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses light rays and transforms them into chemical energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as a carbon source |
|
|
Term
| Environmental factors on microbes |
|
Definition
Gases
Ph
Temperature
Ecological associations
Osmotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| Total ATP outcomes:aerobic, anaerobic, fermentation |
|
Definition
Aerobic: 34-38
Anaerobic: 2-36
Fermentation: 2 |
|
|
