Term
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Definition
gram positive. bacilli-rod. produces amylase. forms endospores. strict aerobic-requires oxygen to grow. colonies with a raised and a dull surface. |
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Term
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Definition
gram- negative. bacilli- rods. single. fat--> plump. in gramstain- dark red. oxidase- negative. large intestine, E. coli. |
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Term
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Definition
gram- negative. bacilli-rods. facultative anaerobe. single. bipolar staining with methylene blue. in gram staining- colonies are light red. opportunistic pathogen. oxidase- negative. does not produce amylase. could produce catylase. |
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Term
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Definition
gram- negative. bacilli- rod. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-negative. bacilli- rod. colonies are orange/red when grown at low temperatures. large, irregularly edged. |
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Term
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Definition
gram- negative. bacilli-rod. obligate anaerobe. grown in endo agar. produce catylase. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-negative. fungi. dimorphic. cocci-oval/elongated shape. reproduces by budding which you will most likely see- asexual, similar to binary fission but gets to unequal cells- budding yeast. |
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Term
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
red, acid-base stain. bacilli-rods. tend to clump together. grows as a very hard, granular colonnade. must include background color even if it's colorless. nonmotile, nonsporing, weakly gram-positive. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-positive cocci (round). Anaerobe. Colonies are canary yellow. Tetrade. Rod-like. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-positive (bacillus). colonies are slow growing and punctiform. has waxy cell walls so it's generally gram-nonreactive. use acid fast staining |
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Term
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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Definition
gram positive sphere- cocci. facultative anaerobe. cluster/net-like. colonies are white, raised, circular, and entire. opportunistic pathogen. with gramstaining- colonies are purple. normally lives on skin. |
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Term
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Definition
spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobe, bacilli-rod. colonies are irregular and rhizoid. viewed with transmitted light. forms endospores. obligate anaerobe. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-positive. aerobe tolerant. lactic acid producing bacteria. does not produce catylase. |
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Term
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Definition
media used to detect water contamination. contains color indicators that are grampositive inhibitors. detects lactose fermentors--> selective and differential, for gram negative. |
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Term
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar |
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Definition
media used for the isolation of fecal coliforms--> selective and differential, for gram negative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
media used in the presumptive test for the presence of coliforms. lactose containing medium. bacteria, if aerogenic (gas produce) in this broth, are presumed coliforms. |
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Term
fluid thioglycollate medium |
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Definition
media that tests aerotolerance of bacteria. appropriate for a broad variety of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. oxidized portion- aerobic- turns pink. reduced portion- anaerobic- remains colorless. |
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Term
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Definition
media used to show how amylase breaks down the starch (using iodine) |
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Term
brilliant green lactose bile broth |
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Definition
media used in confirmed test of gas production in the water analysis. lactose broth medium. function: selective for gram negative--> has lots of sugar, shown if has turbidity, MUST use streak plate isolation. ALSO CAN USE TO DETERMINE IF LAURLY TRYPTOSE BROTH CONTAINS COLIFORMS. |
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Term
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Definition
media that inhibits gram positive microbes. selective and differential medium containing lactose, bile salts, neutral red, and crystal violet. *used to isolate members of enterbacteriaceae. DIP N COUNT! |
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Term
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Definition
differential agar in which bacteria that form hydrogen sulfide will blacken the agar |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
used for separation of bacteria and letting them grow in isolated colonies or for maintaining stock culture |
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Term
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Definition
colloidal suspension of nutrient material which can be liquefied with heat and poured as a liquid, or when allowed to cool, the medium can be used in a solid state. |
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Term
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Definition
see if bacteria is motile or not. *used for medical specimens containing bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
used for cultivation of large quality of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
supports growth of most bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
media in which biochemical products of some chemicals react with, creating a visible result in the colony or media |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit the growth of some microbes |
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Term
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Definition
contains nutrients that favor growth of certain organisms |
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Term
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Definition
media in which the exact ion concentration of every chemical in the medium is known |
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Term
non-defined media/chemically complexed |
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Definition
media contained natural ingredients such as beef extract (*these are the type that we made in the lab) |
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Term
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Definition
standardized media prepared in large batches, desiccated, bottled, and sold. *all bacteria must have water, carbon, an energy source, nitrogen, and minerals |
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Term
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Definition
solidifying agent used to physically, not nutritionally, support bacterial growth. |
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Term
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Definition
a sterilizer employing super-heated steam under pressure |
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Term
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Definition
temperature needed for media to be poured |
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Term
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Definition
contains only one kind of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
introduction of unwanted organisms |
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Term
aseptic/sterile techniques |
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Definition
procedure that both protects culture and protects the environment. *used to transfer bacteria so that the bacteria can have nutrients to grow on and escape their own toxic waste |
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Term
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Definition
the descendants of one cell growing together on a solid surface |
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Term
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Definition
used to incinerate any organisms on the inoculating wire |
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Term
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Definition
suface membrane produced by organisms cultivated in broth that float on the top of the medium |
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Term
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Definition
organisms that sink to the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
clumping of organisms in broth |
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Term
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Definition
ability/inability to grow the presence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
need oxygen- seen at the top of broth |
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Term
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Definition
grow in presence/absence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
respire anaerobically even when oxygen is present |
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Term
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Definition
doesn't matter- live throughout the media |
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Term
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Definition
survive only in environments containing lower than atmospheric levels of oxygen- grow in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
cannot grow with oxygen- inhibit the lower 2/3 of media |
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Term
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Definition
device for magnifying objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
microscopes that employ to or more sets of lenses |
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Term
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Definition
multiply the objective lens times the ocular lens |
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Term
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Definition
the distance separating a specimen and your objective lens |
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Term
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Definition
controls quality of light on microscope- concentrates the light and makes illumination of the specimen more uniform |
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Term
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Definition
the area of the microscope slide that you see through a lens |
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Term
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Definition
ability to distinguish close-together objects, resolution, and clarity |
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Term
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Definition
lenses are adjusted so that the specimen remains almost in focus after the microscope is rotated the nosepiece to utilize a different objective lens |
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Term
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Definition
high power, in focus- drop a drop of oil directly on smear, then rotate to oil immersion lens |
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Term
objective lens then ocular lens |
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Definition
magnified first by ____ to produce real image and then _____ to produce a virtual image. |
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Term
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Definition
able to make cellular molecule use light energy and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
able to construct cellular molecules using preformed organic molecules for carbon and energy |
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Term
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Definition
living in dead/decaying organic material |
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Term
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Definition
the ability to move toward or away from chemicals, light, or oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
the preparation applied to dead cells |
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Term
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Definition
preparation applied to living organisms- prepared by wet mount (prepared by placing a drop of liquid containing specimens onto a glass slide and covering it. **purpose: to determine motility) or hanging-drop (specimen hangs suspended from a coverslip into the indentation of a glass depression slide. **benefit: allows longer observation) |
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Term
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Definition
a random bouncing that results from microbes colliding with molecules that are in constant motion with the liquid environment. **differs from motility, which is directed movement |
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Term
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Definition
tiny and lack a membrane-bound nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
threadlike organelles that propel organisms through liquid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
tough, resting structures |
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Term
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Definition
reproductive spores formed at the tips of branching filaments |
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Term
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Definition
movement of motile organisms that are positive or negative (e.g. chemotaxis, phototaxis, aerotaxis) |
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Term
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Definition
mostly larger than prokaryotic cells and usually contain a visible, membrane-bound nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
are unicellular, generally motile, eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
eukaryotes, range in size from single cells to giant sea kelp. contain chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
absorptive heterotrophs (secrete exoenzymes into the environment and then absorb the digested nutrients). saprophytes/parasites. either yeast/mold. dimorphic- have both. |
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Term
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Definition
consist of solvent (water/ethanol) and a colored molecule (chromogen) |
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Term
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Definition
portion of the chromogen that gives it it's color |
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Term
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Definition
charged portion of a chromogen that allows it to act as a dye through ionic or covalent bonds between chromogen and the cell |
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Term
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Definition
auxochrome becomes positively charged- they are attracted to the negative charges on the surface of most bacterial cells. *methylene blue, crystal violet, and safranin |
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Term
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Definition
kills the bacteria, makes them adhere to the slide, and coagulates cytoplasmic proteins to make them more visible |
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Term
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Definition
used when bacteria are too delicate to withstand heat fixing. used when actual size matters. uses a dry solution where chromogen is acidic and carries a negative charge. negative charge on the bacterial surface repels the negatively charged chromogen, so cell remains unstained against colored background. helpful for visualizing hard to stain microbes. displays capsules- lack a net -/+ charge and impedes stains by neither attracting nor repelling them. |
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Term
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Definition
repelled by bacteria because of the negative charges of the chromophores- these leave the cell colorless and color the background instead. *used in negative staining. *congo red, nigrosin, eosine, and acid fuchsin. |
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Term
1. modified maneval's technique--> employs congo red, a negative dye, to color to background. the cells are then dyed with red with acid fuchsin that has been dissolved in modified maneval's stain. reacting with the acid in maneval's causes congo red to turn sky blue. you observe: pale red cells, clear capsules, against blue background.
2. Gin's method |
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Definition
two techniques of capsule staining |
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Term
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Definition
detect the presence and location of spores in bacterial cells. endospores are a dormant form of bacterium that allows it to survive poor environmental conditions due to keratin (through outer covering). located centrally, terminally, or subterminally |
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Term
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Definition
allows direct observation of flagella. used to distinguish motility. |
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Term
streptococcus/streptobacillius |
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Definition
if the cell continues to divide in the same plane and remain attached |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
spots of the stain are at the end of the cells |
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Term
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Definition
prepare by coloring the bacteria with a single, basic dye. |
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Term
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Definition
works based on composition of cell wall. used to identify mycobacterium. Tb- forms cords. used to detect cells capable of retaining a primary stain when treated with an acid alcohol.. the presence of mycolic acids (waxy substance that gives acid-fast cells a higher affinity for the primary stain and resistance to decolorization by an acid alcohol) in the cell walls of acid-fast organisms |
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Term
1. primary stain- Ziehlscarbolfuchsin (basic stain)
2. apply heat to fixate
3. rinse off stain
4. apply acid-alcohol (decolorizer)
5. apply counterstain (2nd stain) methylene blue
6. colorless absorbs blue and turns light blue (non-acid fast) and red will not pick up blue (acid-fast) |
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Definition
the steps of acid-fast staining |
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Term
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Definition
the most severe protozoan |
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Term
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Definition
leading cause of malaria. asexual stages only found in humans. mosquito-sexual stages of the life cycle. burst out of red blood cells, releasing foreign substances into the bloodstream |
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Term
light crystal violet background |
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Definition
can see balloon appearance of blood cells bursting on this |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
thick layer of peptidoglycan associated with teichoic acids |
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Term
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Definition
lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide are found in conjunction with a thin peptidoglycan layer |
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Term
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Definition
a procedure that distinguishes between various microbes according to their ability to retain certain dyes. |
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Term
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Definition
study the procedure to prepare gram-stain!! |
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Term
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Definition
serial dilution (each tube diluted from the previous tube) |
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Term
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Definition
has between 30-300 colonies in it |
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Term
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Definition
a device that holds your petri dish while providing glareless light and variable magnification. |
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Term
"NG"- no growth or "TFTC"- too few to count |
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Definition
plates with fewer than 30 colonies are marked either what or what? |
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Term
small, lenticulate (lens-shaped) colonies |
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Definition
grow where bacteria are caught in the agar |
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Term
larger, "typical" colonies |
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Definition
develop on the surface where they are not confined by medium. |
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Term
because they are competing for nutrients |
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Definition
why are colonies that are in clusters together smaller? |
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Term
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Definition
define a procedure that determines which organism causes a specific disease. |
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Term
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Definition
by using what kind of culture will you end up with two complete separate cultures? |
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Term
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Definition
what must you do for pour plate technique? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
concentration gradient (decreasing quantity) of bacteria across solid medium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
means of manipulating an already isolated bacteria- "lawn" of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
used to evaluate sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics |
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Term
invert it so the condensation won't fall onto the medium before it is set |
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Definition
what do you do to your spread plate before you incubate it? |
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Term
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Definition
a visible clump of growth on the surface of the agar |
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Term
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Definition
colonies flowing together |
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Term
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Definition
an increase in population numbers due to binary fission, not size of individual cells |
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Term
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Definition
used for dip-n-count, it is a selective, differentiable medium for gram-negatives |
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Term
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Definition
what lab test determines if coliforms are present and allows one to differentiate between lactose and non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli |
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Term
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Definition
uses lactose broth, macconkey's agar, is made of biosalts and crystal violet. put it in saddle for 30 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
used to determine the concentration of aerobic and facultative anaerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in water. to see if water meets standards. |
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Term
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Definition
look for coliforms. it is positive if it produces gas and bubbles up- turbidity. |
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Term
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Definition
gram-negative, aerobic or facultative anaerobe, rod-shaped bacterium that ferments lactose |
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Term
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Definition
indicator organism that shows that fecal contamination of water has occurred. |
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Term
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Definition
used to reduce the cell density to achieve countable plates |
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Term
membrane-filter technique |
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Definition
this technique detects presence of much more abundant coliform such as e.coli or e. argoenes. |
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Term
quantitative, confirmed test, completed test, and identification using Enterotube II. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
differentiate between s. aureus and other g. positive cocci. produces coagulase enzyme. |
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Term
through streak plate isolation and then flooding with iodine |
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Definition
how to you see if amylase is produced on starch medium? |
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Term
a halo of discoloration around organism |
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Definition
what shows that amylase was produced? |
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Term
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Definition
what did we use to test disinfectants and antiseptics? |
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Term
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Definition
what is NOT an antiseptic? |
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Term
measure the diameter of nongrowth to growth |
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Definition
how do you measure the results of the disk diffusion test? |
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Term
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Definition
antimicrobials that are suitable for nonliving surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
physical removal of germs. reduces the total microbial load. some examples- soap, detergents, alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
chemical reduction of microbial load |
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Term
multi-test medium (Enterotube II) |
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Definition
this medium tests 2 or more independent reactions |
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Term
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Definition
only positive rods and positive strains produce what? |
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Term
general all purpose bacterial media |
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Definition
nutrient agar and nutrient broth are what kind of media? |
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Term
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Definition
what is the form of nutrient broth? |
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Term
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Definition
contains only one kind of bacteria |
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Term
water, carbon, an energy source, nitrogen, and minerals |
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Definition
nutritional requirements of bacteria.. all must have what 5 things? |
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