Term
|
Definition
| gets little attentio, survelence, prevention, and treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
egg or larvae form
fecal oral
ingestion
penetration of skin
vector |
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Term
|
Definition
difinitive: site of replication
intermediate: site of replacion in a transfer host
accidential: not the usual host |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| outside the host (skin) / outside cell |
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Term
| what areas or people are more likley to be infected with a helminth |
|
Definition
subtropic or tropic areas
children
people who work animals
people who work with food
poor sanatation |
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Term
| what are the forms of reproduction in helminths |
|
Definition
sexual: egg is in feces and matures in next host or builds up in intestines
asexual: not as common |
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Term
| what types of defenses do helminths have against the immune system |
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Definition
cyst or egg in cell wall (innate avoidance)
antigenic varation, mollecular miciry
hide intracellularly |
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Term
|
Definition
| harbors parasite, no symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| transports parasite via fecal oral or penentration, etc |
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Term
| define indirect life cycle |
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Definition
| reproductive stanges must undergo further development in intermediate host or vector before sexual maturity in final host |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inactive ineffective ptotoza |
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Term
| define hydadid cyst, who has one |
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Definition
| infective stage of a e. granulosus |
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Term
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Definition
| termatode, paragonimus, digenea, platyhelminth, flat worm |
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Term
| defining characteristcs of a fluke (eating, composition, virulence) |
|
Definition
muscular suckers and hooks for host attachment
surface is a complex plasma membrane with protective mechanisms
feed on host tissue of intestine content |
|
|
Term
| life cycle of a fluke: infectve stage, reproduction |
|
Definition
indirect life cycle: intermetidate hosts needed
metcercaria: infectve stage
mature in intestines, lungs, liver, vessels
mostly hermaphodytes |
|
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Term
| give three examples of flukes |
|
Definition
clonorchis
schistomes
F. bushki |
|
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Term
| where is clonorchis found. what is it |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| schistosomes: virulence factor, reproduction |
|
Definition
acquire host molecules to disguise from immune system
blood flukes: in vessel and tissue
not hemaphodytes
part of life in snail |
|
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Term
|
Definition
eggs hatch and release miracidia which penentrates snail
develop into sporocyst in snail
release into water as cerariae (infective stage)
penetrates human skin or drank
loses tail and becomes schistosomulae
enters circulation and go to liver to mature
goes to bladder/bowel and has sex
lays eggs |
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical sign in humans of schistosomes |
|
Definition
hypersenstivity to the eggs as they pass through the tissues
schistosomiasis disease |
|
|
Term
| F. bushki: classification, location, appearance |
|
Definition
endemic
sheep liver tissue fluke
flattened leaf structure
in water chesnuts and bamboo |
|
|
Term
| F. bushki: how it infects, clinical signs |
|
Definition
eaten via water chesnut or babmoo
attaches to wall of SI
obstruction, malasborption, diarrhea, anorexia, acities
eosinophillia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| round worm: descibe what they look like, how they eat, antigenic parts, what they infect |
|
Definition
long cilldrical body with no attachment organs
feed on host tissues and intestine content
outer collagenous cutile that is antigenic but resistant to attack
mostly human specific but some are zoonoses (human can be the intermediate) |
|
|
Term
| in what ways does a round worm reproduce (3 facts) |
|
Definition
common: seperate sexes lay fertizied eggs
less common: autoinfection, eggs made in intestins can reproducte and re-infect
direct and indirect development |
|
|
Term
| how are nematodes separated into categories |
|
Definition
those that mature in the GI tract
those that mature in deep tissues |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 examples of round worms |
|
Definition
a. lumbracoides
hookworms
srongglides
Loa Loa |
|
|
Term
| loa loa: where does it infect, what are the symptoms |
|
Definition
adult is in subcutaneous tissue causing local pain and swelling
larvae migrate to the conjunctiva and cause calabar swelling (below the eye) |
|
|
Term
| how is stronglide tested for, what other oragnism is tested for in the same way |
|
Definition
use enterotest on the duodenal sample
giardia too |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cestodes, flat worms, platyhelminth |
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|
Term
| tapeworm: describe body, how does it eat |
|
Definition
muscular sucker and hooks for host attach
complex plasmam membrane with protective mechanisms to prevent host damage
no digestive system and absorb pre-digested nutrients |
|
|
Term
| how do you catch a tapeworm, what do they do to people |
|
Definition
eat undercooked meat with larva in it
relativly harmless unless they get to big or are an intermediate host for other species |
|
|
Term
| explain the life cycle of a tapeworm |
|
Definition
| egg in feces > enivornment > eaten by pig > onocsphere hatch > pig circulation > muscle and tissue > cysteri (inactive) > humans eat undercooked pig > scolex attaches to intestine and grows > lays eggs > poo them |
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Term
| what is an example of a tapeworm in an accidental host |
|
Definition
if the eggs in feces are eaten by human and skip the pig stage it can develop into oncosphere in human and go into muscle and tissue
only with Tanea solium |
|
|
Term
| tapeworm reproduction: what are the reproductive parts of a tapeworm |
|
Definition
strobila: reproductive organs, along body segments
proglottids: segments of reproductive organs
gravid: terminal proglodid that become filled with eggs |
|
|
Term
| how do tapeworms usually reproduction, what is the exception |
|
Definition
autoinfection: egg hatches in humand and re-infects human
sexual reproduction: eggs released in feces or accumulate in host
indirect reproduction: development in intermediate host for maturing
exception: H. nana non-indirect. comes directly from arthropod |
|
|
Term
| give 3 examples of tapeworms |
|
Definition
tanea saginata
taenia solium
E. granulosus |
|
|
Term
| where does E. granulosus infect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of arthropods, what characteristics define arthropids |
|
Definition
insects, arachnids, crustaceans
exoskeleton, jointed apendages |
|
|
Term
| how do arachnids transfer infection |
|
Definition
mechanical: feces or contaminated soil to food
biological: blood meal |
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|
Term
| what are the types of arthropods by feeding |
|
Definition
blood feeders: mosquitoes, midges, bitiing flies, bugs, fleas, ticks
mites: chiggers, scabes
ectoparasites: lice, fleas, ticks, bot flies |
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Term
| what are the types of arthropods by type of contact |
|
Definition
temporary: mosquito, tick
permanent: louse, scabies |
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Term
| what are the types of mosquitos, give an example of a disease they transfer |
|
Definition
ades: encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue
anopheles: malaria, encephalitis
culex and mansonia: encephalitis |
|
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Term
| what are the types of ticks, what diseases do they carry |
|
Definition
dermacentor: RMSF, q fever, colorado tick fever
loxodes: babesia, colorodo tick fever
ornithodoros: norrelia hermasi |
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Term
| what are the types of biting flies what type of disease do they transmit |
|
Definition
black: onchocerciasis
phlebotomus: leishmania
crysops: loa loa
tsetse: t. brucei
domestic, screw, bot: myiasis (maggots) |
|
|
Term
| how do bed bugs function, why do they do to people |
|
Definition
noctournal blood feders
causes allergic reaction to their saliva |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| kissing, redubiid, assassin bug |
|
|
Term
| what diseases does a flea transfer |
|
Definition
| rickettsia, H. nana, caninum, typhoid, Y. pestis (plague) |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of lice, what do they transmid |
|
Definition
pediculus humanus (body): relapsing fever, epidemia typhus, tranch fever
peridulus capitus (head) |
|
|
Term
| what is the science name for crabs. where can it be located |
|
Definition
phthirus pubis
pubic hair, beard, mustache, armpit, eyebrows, eyelash |
|
|
Term
| what problems does a bee sting case |
|
Definition
| allergic reaction bua hemolyzing factor, histamine, epinepherine, anti-histamine |
|
|
Term
| what does black widdow toxin do |
|
Definition
neurotoxin causes abdominal cramps, hypertension, shock
usually not fatal |
|
|
Term
| what does a brown recluse toxin do |
|
Definition
necrotizing wound
larger dose more fatal |
|
|
Term
| what does a scorpion toxin do |
|
Definition
neurotoxin worse in kids and eldery
pain, muscle spasm, respiratory paralysis |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for scabbes, how does it work |
|
Definition
sarcoptes scanei (skin mange)
female burrows into skin and lays eggs
larvae migrates through upper skin layer |
|
|
Term
| filariasis: what is it, where is it located, what does it do |
|
Definition
arthropod vector
comes from bancroft or brugia malayi
blocks lymph ducts by adults causing lymphadenitis, orchitis, elephantitis |
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