Term
| The common Respiratory Viruses? (5) |
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Definition
| Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza viruses 1-4, Adenovirus, Rhinovirus |
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Term
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Definition
| Rhino, Corona, Resp Syncytial, Influenza, Adeno |
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Term
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Definition
| Parainfluenza, Resp Syncytial, Influenzam adenovirus |
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Term
| Why is influenza such a problem? |
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Definition
History of changing in dramatic ways, and when it does it can spread and cause severe disease.
Most famous - Spanish flu after the first world war killed 20-100 million people. |
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Term
Influenza profile:
Type of virus?
Envelope? |
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, segmented(8).
Enveloped. |
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Term
| Which type of flu is more likely to cause pandemic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the peplomeres on the capsomere of the virus? |
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Definition
| Allows it to stick to the cells of the respiratory tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Through respiratory droplets. |
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Term
| Two important proteins on the surface of Influenza? Purpose? |
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Definition
Hemagglutinin - sticks the virus to cell receptors.
Neuraminidase - frees the virus to infect other cells after it has replicated inside the cell. |
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Term
| Small changes to surface proteins is called a ______? Cause what? |
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Definition
| Called drifts. Drifts contribute to epidemics and increased death in frail and elderly. |
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Term
| Large changes are called? Cause what? |
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Definition
| Shifts (mainly in fluenza A) cause pandemics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reassortments of avian and human viruses. |
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Term
| Why doesn't our body develop antibodies? |
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Definition
| The surface proteins are constantly changing and therefore can't build antibodies against them because they don't work. |
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Term
| Antigenic Shifts - recombination and generation of a pandemic strain? |
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Definition
| Avian flu infects a pig, human flu infects a pig. Segments of RNA join together and become a super flu. |
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Term
| Influenza host interaction chain? Explain. |
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Definition
| Inhalation of virus. Attachment to sialic acid on upper respiratory mucosa, primary replication in the lungs. Body creates cytokines and interferon that results in muscle aches and pains, heart failure and other problems. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Lower respiratory tract (direct viral effect)
-Croup, bronchiolitis (kids)
-Primary influenza pneumonia
Secondary -virus causes damage and allows bacteria to gain a foothold.
-pneumonia, otitis media.
Others:
-heart failure. |
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Term
| Who gets the complications and therefore benefits most fromt the vaccine? |
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Definition
Elderly, especially those in care facilities.
Patients with other complications. |
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Term
| Influenva HxNx - H stands for? N stands for? |
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Definition
| The types of surface proteins Hemmaglutinin, and Neuraminidase. |
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Term
| Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Efficacy? |
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Definition
| 60-80% in young healthy adults, prevents 50-60% of hospitalization and pneumonia. |
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Term
| Seasonal flu vaccine protection? |
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Definition
| Only good for circulating virus, annual revaccination required because of changing surface proteins. |
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Term
| Influenza Tx and Prophylaxis |
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Definition
| Neuraminidase inhibitors. seasonal flu is now resistant. Tami flu is the prime example. |
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Term
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Profile:
Type of virus?
When does it cause epidemics?
Commonly affects? |
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Definition
Paramyxovirus - similar to mumps virus.
Winter months.
Children - causes bronchiolitis - shrinking of already tiny airways. Can't clear the virus. |
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Term
| Syncytium - where the virus gets its name? |
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Definition
| A mismash of things. A bunch of different types of giant cells is the primary cytology for this virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Almost all by age 4 have been infected. |
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Term
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Definition
One of only a few treatable viral syndromes.
Ribavirin, is expensive and requires hospitalization. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Parainfluenza Virus - commonly infects? |
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Definition
Children, second only to RSV.
Targets the nasopharynx |
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Term
| Parainflu - infections occur when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parainflu - infection localized where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parainflu - structure of capsomere? |
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Definition
| Springs, wrapped around the individual nucleic acid. |
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Term
| A child with croup(laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis) - most likely cause? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Double stranded DNA, naked. |
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Term
| Adenovirus - transmission? |
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Definition
| direct contact, or respiratory droplets. |
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Term
| Adenovirus - common in which age demographic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adenovirus - clinical syndromes? |
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Definition
| Febrile pharyngitis, Lower resp infections, Pharyngo-conjunctival fever, conjuctivitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Picorna virus, positive strand RNA. |
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Term
| Rhino virus - localization of infection? Why? |
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Definition
Only infect upper airways, grows best at subcore temperatures (33 C).
Non invasive virus. |
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Term
| Rhinovirus - why so many different infections? |
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Definition
| Large number of antigenic types. |
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Term
| Why don't you use viral antigen detection or serology for rhino virus? |
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Definition
| Because of the vast number of antigenic variations. |
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Term
| Key elements in diagnosing respiratory viral infections. |
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Definition
| Clinical syndromes, time of year, what is common in the community, identifying virus. |
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