Term
| What are the two first line anatomical defenses in the human body? |
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Definition
| skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
| Specialized cells that engulf and digest microbes and cellular debris |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the chemical messengers that allow communication between cells of the immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Microbial invasion or tissue damage initiates what type of immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| are enzymes that degrade peptioglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down hydrogen peroxide to produce reactive oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| sequesters iron from microorganisms (harms iron essential microbs) |
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Term
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Definition
| are antimicrobial peptides that phagocytes insert into microbial membranes |
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Term
| How are normal flora apart/not apart of the immune system |
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Definition
| not technically part of the body/immune system, but provides significant protection through COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION. |
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Term
| What happens to the number of immune cells in the blood during infection |
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Definition
| Number of immune cells INCREASE during _______ |
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Term
| Where are blood cells produced (both RBC and immune cells) |
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Definition
| Bone marrow is the site of production of these cells. |
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Term
| Erythrocytes are also known as |
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Definition
| Red blood cells are also known as |
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Term
| Granulocytes are made up of three types of cells |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils make up this category of the immune system |
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Term
| Neutrophils can be described as |
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Definition
| the most abundant and important granulocytes in innate response |
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Term
| Basophils are involved with which immune system function |
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Definition
| This type of granulocyte is involved in allergic reaction |
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Term
| Lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity? Adaptive or Innate. |
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Definition
| Adaptive Immunity include these types of cells (B cells and T cells) |
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Term
| Cytokines have numerous classes of chemicals. what are some of them (5 classes). |
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Definition
Chemokines (need for chemotaxis)
Colony stimulating factors (help leukocytes mature correctly)
Interferons (control response to viral infections)
Interleukins (made by leukocytes)
Tumor necrosis factor (needed to initiate inflammation) |
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Term
| What are adhesion molecules responsible for? |
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Definition
| These type of molecules help recruit phagocytes to injured area (by making the phagocytes "slow down" and leak into surrounding vessels). |
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Term
| What three responses to injury/infection are result of the sensor/complement system (ie blood proteins 1-9)? |
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Definition
| Inflammation, Opsonization, Lysis of foreign cells are all a result of what system in immunity? (nine types of blood proteins) |
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Term
| what is the activity OPSONIZATION? |
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Definition
| the activity in which phagocytes easily "grab" particles (ability for a cell to engulf foreign bodies) |
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Term
| When a phagocyte engulfes an invader, what do we call the new blob? |
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Definition
| Phagosome is describe as what |
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Term
| FIVE CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION! IN ORDER! THIS IS DAMN IMPORTANT! |
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Definition
| Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function |
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Term
| What is the purpose/outcome of inflammation? |
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Definition
| limit damage and restore function is the purpose/outcome of this process. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fever-inducing substances that trigger the temperature regulation center. |
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Term
| How long does primary response take? Is this innate or adaptive? |
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Definition
| May take a week or more to develop. This is adaptive! (First response does not save you this time around but will help out next time you kiss your sick boyfriend!) |
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Term
| What types of cells make antibodies? Where are these cells produced in the body? What type of immune response is this? |
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Definition
| B-cells (lymphocytes), develop in bone marrow. ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE! |
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Term
| What types of lymphocytes help with antigen recognition? |
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Definition
| Helper T Cells do this function. |
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Term
| Name some types of secondary lymphoid organs (think where T & B cells hang out, waiting for infection) |
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Definition
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Adenoids
Appendix |
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Term
| Name the two primary lymphoid organs (think where T & B cells are PRODUCED) |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things does an antibody successfully do once binded to an antigen? |
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Definition
Neutralizes an toxins made by antigen
immobilizes cell by interacting with membrane
agglutination= clumps bacterial cells to be more easily phagocytized. |
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Term
| Immunoglobulins are divided into five classes. Please just NAME the classes. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
First of the antibodies to respond to infection (think blood "M"arker)
Found on surface of B cells
The only antibody formed by the fetus. |
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Term
| What is IgG best known for! |
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Definition
The antibody of memory!!!!!
(also, only antibody to cross placenta) |
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Term
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Definition
| secretions (breast milk, tears and saliva) and mucus membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| The MATURATION of antibody response |
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Term
| IgE causes what reaction? |
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Definition
| Allergic Reaction (think: "Elergic") |
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Term
| Whats so different between B cells and T cells? |
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Definition
| T cells never produce antibodies. |
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Term
| What does MHC molecule stand for? Where are we gonna find it? |
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Definition
| Major Histocompatability Complex molecule. Found on T cells. Purpose to cradle antigen during presentation to helper T. |
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Term
| Cytotoxic (Killer) T cells, destroy what? |
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Definition
| these cells destroy infected or cancerous "self" cells |
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Term
| Unlike T cells and B cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells lack what? |
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Definition
| NK cells do not have antigen receptors. |
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Term
| What is naturally active acquired immunity? |
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Definition
| Immunity that results from an immune response in an individual upon EXPOSURE to an INFECTIOUS AGENT. |
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Term
| What is naturally passive acquired immunity? |
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Definition
| Immunity that results when ANTIBODIES from a woman are TRANSFERRED to her developing fetus during PREGNANCY or to an infant during BREAST FEEDING. |
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Term
| What is artificial active acquired immunity? |
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Definition
| Immunity that results from an immune response in an individual upon VACCINATION. |
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Term
| What is artificially passive acquired immunity? |
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Definition
| Immunity that results when ANTIBODIES contained in the serum of OTHER PEOPLE or animals are INJECTED into individuals. |
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Term
| What is an attenuated vaccine? |
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Definition
| Scientists have created a mild form of a virus that looks similar to the real one. Rare to cause sickness, body creates immunity against the real virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the measurement of antibody concentration in the blood. Indicates a previous exposure. |
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