Term
| live, attenuated vaccines |
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Definition
- tuberculosis
- adenovirus
- measles, mumps rubella
- varicella/zoster
- yellow fever
- oral polio |
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Term
| inactivated (whole) vaccines |
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Definition
- poliomyelitis
- rabies
- influenza
- hep A |
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Term
| capsular polysaccharide component acellular/subunit vaccines |
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Definition
- memingococcal
- hemophilus influenza b
- pneumococcal
- pertussis |
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Term
| component of subunit vaccines |
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Definition
| - capsular polysaccharides |
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Term
| toxoid acellular/subunit vaccines |
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Definition
- diphtheria
- tetanus
- botulism |
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|
Term
| recombinant vaccine preparation |
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Definition
- antigen inserted via plasmid into cloning host (yeast)
- hep b
- pertussis |
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Term
|
Definition
- into skin
- BCG, vaccinia |
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Term
|
Definition
- under skin
- MMR, varivax, varicella |
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Term
|
Definition
- into muscle
- HBV, Flu, IPV |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- IgA
- inhalation (flumist)
- oral (OPV) |
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Term
|
Definition
- substance which enhances activity of vaccine components
- prolongs antigen retention at the site
- increases immune response |
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Term
|
Definition
- aluminum hydroxide salts
- freund's
- mineral oil
- extracts of mycobacteria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- periodic vaccinations to boost immune response
- anamnestic response
- increases immune response |
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Term
| vaccines needed for adults |
|
Definition
- HAV
- HBV
- MMR
- Meningococcal
- Td
- Tdap
- varicella (chicken pox)
- HPV
- influenza
- zoster
- penumococcal |
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Term
| vaccines needed for healthcare workers |
|
Definition
- HBV
- influenza
- MMR
- varicella (chicken pox) |
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|
Term
| vaccines needed by teenagers |
|
Definition
- varicella
- HBV
- MMR
- Td
- meningococcal
- HPV |
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|
Term
| vaccines needed by ALL adults |
|
Definition
- varicella
- zoster
- HBV
- MMR
- Td |
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Term
|
Definition
- not cells
- only replicate in host
- no metabolism
- no protein synthesis
- may have envelope
- not affected by antibiotics
- synthesized as subunits then assembled
- DNA or RNA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- protein coat
- protects nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
- external surface of naked virions
- contain VAPs
- antigenic
- protomers (individual proteins)
- capsomeres (clustered proteins) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- usually derived from host cell
- contains viral specified glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- affecting host cell
- control expression of viral genes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- glycoprotein spikes on envelopes
- function in attachment
- hemagglutins/neuraminidase |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - t cells and cytokines/lymphokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- loss of immunity
- immunodeficiency
- cancer |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| - genetic immunodeficiency |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| - acquired immunodeficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- hypersensitivity
- exaggerated immune response
- require pre-sensitized state (will not react with 1st exposure) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- immediate
- IgE, mast cells, eosinophils
- peanuts, latex, pollen, penicillin
- asthma, angioedema, anaphylaxis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- cell-bound antigen
- immediate
- IgG, complement, phagocytosis
- immune-mediated hymolysis
- hemolytic disease of newborn |
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|
Term
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
- immune complexes
- hours
- IgG, complement, neutrophils
- deposition of ag-ab complexes in kidney, joints, skin
- arthus reaction, serum sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- delayed hypersensitivity
- 2-3 days
- t cells, macrophage
- contact dermatitis |
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|
Term
| triggers of hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
- infectious agents
- environmental substances
- self-antigens |
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|
Term
| primary immunodeficiency diseases |
|
Definition
- genetic basis
- rare
- B cell defects
- T cell defects
- B/T cell defects
- phatocyte defects
- complement defects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- low levels of b cells and antibodies
- usually relates to single class of ab
- usually Ig deficiencies
- sometimes no ab at all |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- thymic aplasia
- digeorge syndrome
- failed development of 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches
- unique facial characteristics
- congenital cardiac abnormalities
- highly susceptible to infections by fungi, viruses and protazoa
- unable to reject transplant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- devastating/broad spectrum
- severe opportunistic infections
- failure to thrive
- cancer |
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|
Term
| SCIDS (severe combined immunodeficiency) |
|
Definition
- b/t cell defects
- recessive defect in metabolism of adenosine
- lymphocytes are destroyed
- x-linked (found in males)
- aseptic life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- increased incidence of bacterial infections
- chronic granulomatous disease
- inability to produce hydrogen peroxide during phagocytosis |
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|
Term
| complement-related deficiencies |
|
Definition
- may be associated with increased incidence of bacterial infection (not always)
- deficiencies in complement components
- respiratory involvement |
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Term
|
Definition
| the outermost portion of a non-enveloped virus is the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- complement related deficiency of C1 inhibitor
- allows generation of edema-producing molecules
- severe GI edema
- respiratory involvement |
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Term
|
Definition
| - causes more than 93% of cervical cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - HPVs that are responsible for most cervical cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - HPVs that are most frequent cause of condyloma acuminatum (genital warts) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| - gardisil protects against these 4 types of HPV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - target group for gardisil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- composed of capsid proteins produced in yeast cells
- 3 doses
- recommended for females 9-26 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- easier to eliminate than non- w/disinfectant
- mostly lipid from host cell membrane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- enveloped, positive strand RNA virus
- 2 copies of genome
- family name retroviridae
- contains reverse transcriptase enzmye
- 2 major viruses |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - genomic RNA functions as mRNA |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - genomic RNA must be transcribed to complement strand before it can act as mRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - viral RNA transcribed to DNA which integrates into host cell genome by integrase |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- 1st id'd in 1984
- primary cause of AIDS
- mainly in US |
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Term
|
Definition
- 1st id'd in 1986
- mainly in Africa
- progresses to AIDS slowly |
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Term
|
Definition
- makes up covering of genome
- contains protein 24 |
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Term
|
Definition
- lipid bilayer derived from host cell
- also have glycoproteins 120/41 |
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Term
|
Definition
- lyses T helper/CD4+ cells
- also affects macrophages and monocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| HIV causes lytic infection in ___ cells |
|
|
Term
| macrophages and monocytes |
|
Definition
| HIv causes low-level production infection that may remain latent in and does not kill _____ and ____. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - cytokine receptors on t helper, monocytes and macrophages |
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Term
|
Definition
| HIV binds to ____ receptor and co-receptor. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute retroviral infection |
|
Definition
- occurs 1-4 weeks following exposure
- flu-like/mono-like symptoms last two weeks
- no abys at this point
- RNA is detected in blood
- coincides with peak in virus |
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Term
|
Definition
| viruses replicate by ____. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| - swollen lymph nodes because of infection |
|
|
Term
| latent period (variable time) |
|
Definition
- patient asymptomatic but HIV replication continues
- t cell destruction continues |
|
|
Term
| early symptomatic disease |
|
Definition
- termed AIDS related complex or progressive generalized lymphadenopathy
- CD4+<500
- immune system not functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- CD4+ < 200
- opportunistic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- primarily consequence of continuous, high level HIV1 replication
- leads to viral and immune mediated killing of CD4+ lymphocytes
- results in ultimate destruction of host cellular immunity capabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- increase in HIV in blood
- p24 increases
- life-threatening opportunistic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV is transmitted by all of the following except:
- sexual contact
- contaminated blood/blood products
- saliva
- perinatally to newborn |
|
|
Term
| False!! There have been O!! |
|
Definition
| T/F: there have been >10 dental workers with documented cases of HIV. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
which of the following are the most likely cause of percutaneous exposures in HCW?
- recapping needles
- improper syringe disposal
- unexpected patient movement
- all of the above |
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