Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Formed by protozoa under adverse conditions.
Round or oval protective coating.
Allows survival until conditions improve. Latent form. |
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Term
| Naegleria spp, Naegleria fowleri |
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Definition
"Brain Eating Amoeba"
Water containing the amoeba get high into the nose, bind to olfactory nerve gaining access to the brain.
Risk factors: swimming, diving, splashing in warm bodies of standing water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unresolved may lead to chronic granulomatous encephalitis (inflamation of the brain). Corneal ulceration leading to blindness may also occur |
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Term
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Definition
Pathogenic
Highest rates in areas of crowding and poor sanitation
10% of worlds population
Perforation of amoebic ulcers facilitate invasion of deeper tissue
Abscess formation may occur
Fecal oral |
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Term
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Definition
| Active form of protozoa. Not in cyst form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Host carries the organism, but with no symptoms; can spread to others. |
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Term
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Definition
Urogenital flagellate
Trophozoite stage only
Infection by sexual intercourse or fomites
Sympromatic women: scant watery discharge, painful urination
Symptomatic men: urethritis and prostatitis |
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Term
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Definition
| inanimate object that spreads disease |
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Term
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Definition
Most common pathogen in US drinking water.
Intestinal flagellates
Has a "looking back" apearance
Cyst is resistant to standard chlorine concentrations, can be removed through filtration. |
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Term
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Definition
Cause: Giardia lamblia
AKA Bever Fever
Diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pains, fatty stools |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny form of trypanosome, becomes bigger in the body |
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Term
| Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
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Definition
Classic African Sleeping Sickness
Transmitted by the tsetse fly |
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Term
| Classic African Sleeping Sickness |
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Definition
Caused by Trypanasoma brucei gambiense
asymptomatic incubation period lasting a few weeks to several months. Neurological stage 7-8 year process. |
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Term
| Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
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Definition
more virulent form of trypanosomiasis Vector: teste fly
Untreated death within 9-12 months
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Term
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Definition
causes chaga's disease (American trypanosomiasis)
Transmited by the reduviid (kissing)bug
Resevoir: wild rodents, armadillos
Causes IgM levels to rise
Cardiac muscle where amastigotes proliferat atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmitted by the sand fly |
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Term
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Definition
most common malarial parasite
Invades reticulocytes (young RBC's)
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Term
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Definition
| Also attacks reticulocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
Much lower incidence
Attacks mature RBC's |
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Definition
| infectious form of malaria from a mosquito |
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Term
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Definition
worst form of malaria
Targets all stages of RBC's
Causes blood in the urine, gives severe malaria the name blackwater fever. |
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Term
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Definition
Up to 80% of individuals in some populations carry the disease. estimated 1/3 of the world population
Definitive host is the domestic cat
3 days for oocysts to mature
Infection results from ingestion of oocysts
Sex cycle occurs only in feline intestinal tract
Infection usually occurs after contact with litter/sand box, gardening, playing with cat poo
Immune system encysts the paracite, typically do not reemerge
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Term
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Definition
| serum IgE levels rise during parasitic infection. useful in diagnosing infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Flukes
Flat, fleshy, leaf shaped body Hermaphroditic (except for Shistosomes) |
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Term
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Definition
Liver Fluke
Infection from ingestion of raw/undercooked fish.
Resevoirs: Raw fish-eating mammals |
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Term
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Definition
Giant intestinal fluke
Resevoir hosts: pigs, dogs, rabits |
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Term
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Definition
| infective encysted larval stage of fluke |
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Term
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Definition
Lung fluke
Eggs are discharged into the bronchi or bronchioles, later apearing in feces or sputum
Often misdiagnosed as TB |
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Term
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Definition
Blood Flukes
Non hermaphroditic
Infection does not result from ingestion |
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Term
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Definition
| Eggs deposited in bladder wall, may break through into the lumen and escape with the urine. Feared as male menstruation |
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Term
| Non-human pathogenic schistosomes |
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Definition
| Schistosomal dermatitis AKA swimmers itch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| attachment organ of a tapeworm. If it remains the worm will regrow |
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Term
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Definition
| body segments of a tapeworm, a chain of proglottids is called a strobila |
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Term
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Definition
Pork tapeworm
Aquired by ingestin the larval form (cysticercus AKA bladder worm)
There may be a second stage of infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| socond stage of infection by pork tapeworm. Ingested eggs travel to duodenum where they hatch and penetrate the intestinal wall. |
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Definition
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Definition
The minute tapeworm
Causes hydatid disease
Found in sheep |
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Term
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Definition
Dwarf tapeworm
common parasite of house mouse
Can be found in grains.
Eggs from adult worm may hatch in hosts intestine and cause second generation infection. |
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Term
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Definition
broad fish tapeworm
longest human tapeworm
Causes normochromatic macrocytic anemia due to absorption of B12 |
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Term
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Definition
Phylum: Aschelminthes
Roundworms
covered by tough protective covering (cuticle)
Have complete digestive tract
sexes are seperate |
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Term
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Definition
Large intestinal round worm
Found in areas of poor sanitation
Eggs are ingested
Larva penetrate wall of duodenum, enter blood or lymphatic vessels. grow and molt in lungs. mature in intestines. |
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Term
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Definition
Pin worm
Most common helminth in sanitary areas
No symptoms in carriers
Female explodes outside anus releasing eggs and causing itch. |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by Entamoeba histolitica
Most cosmopolotan parasitic diseas |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by Entamoeba histolytica
AKA amoebic dysentery
bloody, slimy, and unusually smelly diarrhea |
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Term
| Extraintestinal amoebiasis |
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Definition
Caused by Entamoeba histolytica
Infection of the liver is common |
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Term
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Definition
Hemoflagellates
live in the blood, between cells but not in them |
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Term
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Definition
Characteristic of Gambian "classic" Sleeping sickness
Swelling of the posterior cervical lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
Toxo
Caused by toxoplasma gondii
Fetus is particularly susceptible especially during third trimester.
Symptoms for neonatal: convulsions, retardation
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Term
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Definition
Trematode larva
Typically infect snails |
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Term
| Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Definition
Threadworm
can exist as a free-living nematode
larva penetrate the skin, migrate through the lungs, and reach small intestine.
"showers of worms" in feces
Auto infection-multiple life cycles in host |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious hookworm larva |
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Term
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Definition
| non-infectious nematode larva |
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Term
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Definition
Two species are human pathogens
No intermediates or resevoir hosts |
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Term
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Definition
Old World Hookworm
larva enter cutaneous venules, passively carried to lungs, break into alveoli. Migrate to trachea and are swallowed
Induce Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
suck blood and tissue fluids |
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Term
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Definition
New World Hookworm
only hookworm in N. America
produces "ground itch" where entering skin |
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Term
| Ancylostoma braziliense or caninum |
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Definition
Dog hookworms
Will penetrate skin and cause itching. Survive weeks just below surface, then die. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
live births
parisite of carniverous mammals
Larva encyst in muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Live births
thread like nematodes
live in various locations
Not diagnosed by eggs in feces (live birth) |
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Term
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Definition
a filiariae Spread by mosquitoes Mature in lymph nodes produce microfilariae dead worms cause alergic reactions
Causes Filariasis |
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Term
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Definition
caused by wuchereria bancrofti
Febrile attacks reffered to as elephantoid fever
Lymphangitis and Elephantiasis-does not occur in all infested individuals |
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Term
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Definition
African eye worm
Resevoir: Monkeys
Vector: Mango fly
no lasting damage to host |
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Term
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Definition
causes River Blindness
Vector: Black fly or Buffalo gnat |
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Term
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Definition
the Guinea Worm
Not a true filaria
Ingestion of larva in water
females migrate to subcutaneous tissue |
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