Term
| most biosynthesis requires nitrogen in the form of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some bacteria meet their nitrogen needs by a process called _ which is reduction of _ to _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glycerol enters cell how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| covalent modification along with active transport is called _ _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one bacterial system that does group translocation |
|
Definition
| PEP:PTS phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase |
|
|
Term
| PEP:PTS system is in one or both g- / g+ ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gram negative bacteria have a special transport system called _ _ _ which involves (3) |
|
Definition
binding protein transport
binding protein in the periplasm carries substance between transport proteins of outer and cytoplasmic membranes |
|
|
Term
| binding protein transport occurs in g- g+ or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iron is a vital constituent of e.g. (2) bacterial molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| predominant aerobic form of iron. it is insoluble! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people's iron binding protein in blood; in other body fluids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| siderophores are secreted. iron is retrieved from them by (2) |
|
Definition
either --
translocation back into cytoplasm
or
bacterial cell surface proteins remove iron from siderophore |
|
|
Term
| some bacteria e.g. (2) do not have siderophores. instead, they get iron how? |
|
Definition
neisseria
mycobacterium
outer membrane iron-binding proteins remove iron from transferrin |
|
|
Term
| bacterial inclusion bodies may include (4) |
|
Definition
glycogen
polyphosphate
sulfur
poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid |
|
|
Term
| fermentation involves a terminal electron acceptor that is derived from |
|
Definition
| the organic compound that was the primary electron donor |
|
|
Term
| in fermentation, ATP is generated by... |
|
Definition
| substrate level phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
| some organisms (2 examples) generate ATP strictly by fermentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in humans, production of ~ is similar to fermentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of an organic electron acceptor used in anaerobic respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a test that indicates whether a bacterium can use oxygen for energy production with an electron transport chain. what does it test for? |
|
Definition
oxidase test
cytochrome c oxidase |
|
|
Term
| cytochrome c oxidase does what? |
|
Definition
| transfers electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen |
|
|
Term
| an example of an oxidase negative bacterium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is cytochrome c oxidase found in anaerobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organisms are the oxidase and modified oxidase tests used for (respectively)? |
|
Definition
gram-negative
gram-positive |
|
|
Term
| during respiration, protons are extruded. How is the proton gradient is established by bacteria that do fermentation? |
|
Definition
| running ATP synthase backwards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
fermentation |
|
|
Term
| fermentation is associated with _ _ phosphorylation for ATP generation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen-tolerant organisms require (2) enzymes |
|
Definition
superoxide dismutase
peroxidase(s) |
|
|
Term
| superoxide dismutase what rxn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use various reducing agents to catalyze H2O2 --> H2O |
|
|
Term
| there's a special type of peroxidase called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a catalase-positive organism and 2 catalase-negative ones |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| oxygen requirements & sensitivity of mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen requirements & sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen requirements & sensitivity of campylobacter jejuni |
|
Definition
| microaerophile. (grows best with small amount of oxygen present) |
|
|
Term
| oxygen requirements & sensitivity of e coli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen requirements & sensitivity of streptococcus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both e coli and streptococcus are facultative anaerobes but what's the difference? |
|
Definition
| e coli can use oxygen if it's available; streptococcus can merely tolerate it |
|
|
Term
| streptococcus does fermentation, aerobic or anaerobic respiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (besides facultative) two types of anaerobes |
|
Definition
obligate anaerobes (oxygen inhibits growth)
strict anaerobes (oxygen is lethal) |
|
|
Term
| 3 temperature classifications of bacteria for optimal growth |
|
Definition
psychrophiles <20 C
mesophiles 20 C - 40 C
thermophiles >40 C |
|
|
Term
| doubling time 2 extreme examples |
|
Definition
clostridium perfringens >10 minutes
mycobacterium tuberculosis >20 hours |
|
|
Term
| 4 phases of growth of a freshly inoculated culture (i.e., inoculated into a new environment) |
|
Definition
lag
exponential growth
stationary
death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| e coli flagella arrangement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| quorum sensing definition |
|
Definition
| regulation of gene expression based upon population density |
|
|
Term
| quorum sensing is critical to the pathogenicity of _ _ which is an opportunistic pathogen of _ _ patients |
|
Definition
pseudomonas aeruginosa
cystic fibrosis |
|
|
