Term
are places where pathogens can grow or accumalate |
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Definition
reservoirs of infectious organisioms |
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Term
the various ways pathogens move from place to place |
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Definition
mechanisms of transmission |
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Term
diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. ex: rabies and lyme disease |
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Definition
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Term
is the final requirement in successful infection |
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Definition
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Term
there are 3 potential reservoirs of infection; ________, _______ and ______ |
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Definition
humans, animals and nonliving reservoirs |
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Term
human reservoirs can be infected people calledq |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
3 mechanisms to trasmitt infectious organisms |
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Definition
contact, vehicle and vector transmission |
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Term
a healthy person is exposed to pathogens either by touching or being close to an infected person or object. subdivision types: direct, indirect and droplet |
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Definition
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Term
theres no intermediatary between the infected person and the uninfected person. ex ; touching kissing, sex |
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Definition
direct contact transmission |
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Term
occurs through intermediates that are ususally nonliving, tissues handkercheifs, towels, bedding, and contaminated needles |
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Definition
indirect contact transmission |
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Term
nonliving intermediates that act as agents of transmission by indirect contact |
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Definition
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Term
csn occur through sneezing coughing or even laughing. confined to smaller distances ex: influenz, whooping cough |
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Definition
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Term
food carrying pathogenic organisms. water, airm blood, body fluids, drugs and intravenous fluids w/ a pathogenic organism hitching a ride on it |
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Definition
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Term
pathogens are transmitted to a healthy person by a carrier known to be associated w/ some disease. can occur mechanically or biologically. ex: arthropods such as fleas, ticks, lice and mosqitoes |
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Definition
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Term
the vector's body parts are contaminated w/ the infecting microorganisms and they are passively brushed off onto the host. ex: flies landing on poop than landing on your food |
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Definition
mechanical vector transmission |
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Term
occurs in the bite like the ones that caused the bubonic plague that killed 1/3 of europe during the middle ages |
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Definition
biological vector transmission |
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Term
the lower than normal number of neutrophils in the blood. neutrophiles are important in the host innate immune response |
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Definition
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Term
common cause of profounf neutropenia is the admistration of ____________- for the treatment of malignant tumors seen in cancer. drugs side affect render patient temp immunoincomp conseq high risk 4 infections |
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Definition
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Term
the infections primarily associated wq/ neutrapenia are primarily |
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Definition
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Term
can begin as soon as the neutriphile level decreases |
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Definition
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Term
can occur only in people who have been beutropenic foe longe periods |
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Definition
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Term
infections cause by candidas albicans present in the human gastrointestinal tract and in the vag can cause ______ in patients w/ neutropenia |
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Definition
mucocutaneous candidiasis |
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Term
the spores of aspergillus fumigatus, a fungas found in many places and carried in the air, can cause ____________ in neutrapenic patients |
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Definition
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Term
when the skin is loss (burn victims) there is a greater chance of this. |
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Definition
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Term
___________ are chemicals similar to antibiotics that inhibit the growth of any organisms other than the bacteria that produced them. loss of the resident bacteria allows the entry and growth of pathogens which then cause __________ |
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Definition
bacteriocins
oppurtunistic infections |
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Term
any patient w/ a ________ is susceptible to nosocomial infections |
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Definition
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Term
one of the most important parts of the infectious process is the |
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Definition
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Term
some infections are caused by _____________ which are normally harmless but become pathogenic if the condiotions are right |
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Definition
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Term
the study of factors and mechanisms involved in the frequency and spread of diseases or other health related problems. important part of understanding disease |
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Definition
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Term
the # of new cases contracted w/in a set population in a specific period. provides reliable indication of the spread of a particular disease |
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Definition
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Term
the totsl # of people infected w/in a population @ any given time,. this data can measure how serious and long a disease has affected a population |
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Definition
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Term
of a disease is the # of individuals affected by a disease during a specific period divided by the total population |
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Definition
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Term
is the # of deaths due to a specific during a specific period divided by the total population |
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Definition
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Term
when epidemiological studies are used to examine parameters such as particular geographic areas and the degree of harm cause by the disease as ___________________________________ |
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Definition
sporadic, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic |
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Term
occur in random and in an unpredictable manner and dont pose at threat to public health |
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Definition
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Term
are referrd to diseases that are constantly in the population but in #s too low ot be a public problem. ex: common cold |
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Definition
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Term
when a disease occurs in epidemic proportions throughout the world |
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Definition
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Term
occurs when the incidence of disease becomes higher than normally expected # of individuals affected by the disease |
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Definition
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Term
an epidemic outbreak that arises from contact w/ contaminated substances and most commonly occurs when a water supply is contiminated w/ fecal matter or when food is not properly prepared |
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Definition
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Term
is one that results from amplification of the # of imfected individuals as person to person contacts occur. stay in populations 4 long periods of times and more difficult to control than common source outbreaks |
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Definition
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Term
there are 2 types of epidemiological studies |
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Definition
descriptive and analytical |
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Term
are concerned w/ the physical aspects of the patients and the spread of disease. wanna try to pin point the orgin or area or orgin |
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Definition
descriptive epidemilogical disease |
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Term
the focus is establishing a cause and effect relationship.done in conjunction w/ a control group. |
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Definition
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Term
is one which the records of patients who have already contracted the disease are being studied |
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Definition
restrospective analytical study |
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Term
dont allow the benefit of hindsight; in this type of studydata are analyzed abd collected, consider factors that occur as the epidemic proceeds |
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Definition
prospective analytical studies |
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Term
they must be reported to the center of disease control in alanta the clearing house for epidemiological research |
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Definition
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Term
analytical epidemiological studies always contain a control group and can be |
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Definition
retrospective or prospective |
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Term
one of the most important factors in the infection process is the ______________ |
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Definition
immunological compatence of the host |
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Term
are more likely in people w/ lowered immunity |
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Definition
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Term
nosocomial infections are greatly associated w/ |
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Definition
antibiotic-resistant pathogens |
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Term
the # of new cases of a disease contracted w/in a set population in a specific period |
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Definition
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Term
the # of people in the population infected @ any given time |
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Definition
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