Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the cornea. Predominately viral |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the tympanic membrane. FP |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common infection site of sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial growth on teeth->biofilm with fermenting bacteria->lactic acid->solubilizes hydroxyapatite->demineralizes enamel->caries |
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Term
| Gingivitis and Periodontitis |
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Definition
plaque on gingival crevices becomes calcified->inflammation and fraibility of gingiva->gingivitis
inflammation and involvement of deeper tissues->involvement of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone->tooth loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the tongue and mucosa. NF |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the tongue. NF |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the salivary gland. NF |
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Term
| Allergens, chemical, autoimmune, immune mediated, infection |
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Definition
| causes of lower RT infection including treachea, bronchial tree, alveolar sacks |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory condition WITHOUT implied infection |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic inflammation of boht bronchial tree and alveolar sacks. NOT an infectious disease |
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Term
| Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or COPD |
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Definition
| frequently caused by an infectious disease worsening bronchitis or COPD |
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Term
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Definition
| infectious agent colonizes the surface of alveolar sac lining->colleciton of serous fluids and RBCs->rapid multiplication of agent with subsequent infliltration by WBCs displacing air from sac |
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Term
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Definition
| ineffectual straining with little fecal matter excreted, mucus and bloody stools. Usually disease or inflammation of large intestine |
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Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune flaccid paralysis of GIT |
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Term
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Definition
a toxemia (not organism) in the bloodstream leading to GI bleed, kidney and brain damage
1. hemolytic anemia
2. acute renal failure
3. clots
4. CNS complications |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the bladder. NOT STD |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the Urethra. STD |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the cervix. STD |
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Term
|
Definition
Infection of the meninges. Bacterial and fungal agents cause significant morbidity and mortality. Viral agents tend to be benign
1. if bacteria agent penetrates- hydrocephalus, cerebral vasculitis, increased BBB permeability. All leading to dec in cerebral blood flow |
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Term
|
Definition
Infection or necrosis of the brain parenchyma. Frequently viral.
1. localized- HSV, polio, rabies
2. diffuse- arbovirus, enterovirus
3. Encephalomyelitis- WNEV and polio |
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Term
Prokaryotic: S. aureus, L. monocytogenes
Fungal: Candida albicans |
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Definition
| Cause of Mass lesions/absesses in the CNS causing focal seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause of Neurocysticercosis, a cystic brian lesion. |
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Term
| Protozoan: Toxoplasma gondii |
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Definition
| Cause of Toxoplasmosis, a pseudocyst lesion in the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause of spinal column and then brain parenchyma mediated disease by neurotoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause of infection of the PNS at neuro-muscular junctions. neurotoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Cause of infection of the PNS by bacterium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the bone and joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the mastoid bone in the head almost exclusively as a complication of acute otitis media |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic suppurative (pus) infectious diseas of the subcutaneous tissue and bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the joint due to progressive inflammatory destruction. Release of exotoxins and degradative enzymes |
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Term
UTI by E. Coli
catheter by Staph epidermidis |
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Definition
| most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia |
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Term
|
Definition
| infection of keratinized skin is caused by |
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Term
|
Definition
| infection of the epidermis including impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by |
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Term
|
Definition
| Infection of hair follicles and associated tissues is caused by... |
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Term
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Definition
| a clinical syndrome characterized by destruction of skeletal muscle |
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Term
| Cornyebacterium diptheriae |
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Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
cornyeform group |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
nocardiaceae group |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculousis |
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Definition
Gram positive rod obligate aerobe
actinomycete with mycolic acid
Acid Fast bacilli
stains poorly
has mycolic acids (waxy lipids) and Trehalose dimycolate as virulance factor
lives in macrophages
slow growth
sensitive to UV and moist heat
not highly contagious
eliminated via cell mediated immunity
latent TB only detectable by PPD test |
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Term
| Mycobacterium avium complex |
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Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
acid fast bacilli
slow growing species |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
Spore former
Aerobic |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive rod
Spore former
Anaerobic
produces toxin a and b->cytotoxins
predisposed if on antibiotics for >3 days: fluoroquin, clindamycin, amoxicillin
can cause colitis and toxic megacolon, diarrhea and cramping without fever |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In chains
aerotolerant anaerobe
catalase negative
hemolytic (a-green, b-complete,g-none) |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In chains |
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positive cocci (gold colored)
In clusters
coagulase positive- antiphagocytic, promotes abscess
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin associated with MRSA
quorum sensing to produce exotoxins when at high density
most common cause of skin infection and hospital infection |
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Term
| Staphylococci epidermiditis |
|
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In clusters
coagulase negative |
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Term
|
Definition
gram positive
lancet shaped
encapsulated diplococcus
not fastidious
antiphagocytic capsule
children are carriers of pneumonia
antecedant viral infecitons predispose pneuonia
bacteremia results in pneumonia, meningitis and endocarditis
frequently colonizes mucosal surfaces: conjunctitis, otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis
penicillin is drug of choice- resistance an issue |
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Term
|
Definition
gram positive cocci
arranged in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters
facultative anaerobe
not fastidious |
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Term
|
Definition
mollicute- smallest free-living cells
not observed by gram staining
fastidious and slow growing, slow spread, not highly infectious
extracellular pathogen, readily colonize mucosa, gliding motility, immunomodulatory, attach to cilliated respiratory cells
survivors usually become carriers
incorporates host phospholipids, sterols into cell membrane
lack a cell wall!
ADP riboslyating cytotoxin- respiratory distress syndrome
in URT, lower genital tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| source of cross reactivity for drugs against fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
| fungi with capsule (yeast) |
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Term
|
Definition
| reproducitno by budding yeast |
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Term
| ascospores or basidiospores |
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Definition
| some yeast reproduce sexually by formaiton of... |
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Term
|
Definition
| budding of a hyphae that is important for fungal identification |
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Term
blastomyces dermatiditis
histoplasma capsulatum
cocciodoides immitis
paracoccidoides brasiliensis
sporthrix schenckii |
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Definition
| thermally dimorphic fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
| human defense against fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
chronic, mild infection of outermost skin of chest abdomen and upper limbs by Malassezia furfur
lipophilic and NF
diagnosis by yellow fluorescence with wood's lamp and KOH (round budding yeast) |
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Term
|
Definition
asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum (outer skin) by Nortea werneckii
painless macules on palms
KOH (brown branched septate hyphae and budding yeast) |
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Term
|
Definition
fungal infection of the hair shaft:
white- Trichosporon
Black- Pedraia hortai |
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Term
|
Definition
infection of the cutaneous epidermis (requiring keratin)
Microsporum no nails, epidermiphyton no hair, trichophyton everywhere*** |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by microsporum (green wood's lamp) and trichophyton fungal infection of head cutaneous layer
1. Endothrix
-within hair shaft by trichophyton tonsurans
-black dot ringworm
-chronic
2. Ecothrix
-around hair shaft grey patch ringworm
-hairloss
-resolves |
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Term
|
Definition
Trichophyton rubrum and mentagrophytes
fungus infects horny layer of skin and spreads. hair follicles act as reservoir |
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Term
|
Definition
| Trrichophyton rubrum infection of groin cutaneous layer. pruritic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Trichophyton rubrum infection of nails |
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Term
|
Definition
| T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. Floccosum fungal infection of feet cutaneous layer |
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Term
|
Definition
| T. mentagrophytes and T. Rubrum infection of beard cutaneous layer from animals |
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Term
|
Definition
| T. Rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum fungla infection of hands cutaneous layer |
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Term
|
Definition
Traumatic inoculation into skin by sporothrix schenckii (oval or cigar shaped buddin yeast) affecting gardeners, farmers
subcutaneous mycoses |
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Term
|
Definition
| traumatic inoculation of subcutaneious skin by mycoses from soil. Dark molds causing water cutaneous nodules like cauliflower florets or copper pennies |
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Term
|
Definition
| localized, deforming, indolent swollen lesions and sinuses involving cutaneous, subcutaneous tissues, fascisa and bone |
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Term
|
Definition
subcutaneous infection by dark walled fungi forming large septate hyphae.
characterized by a single red nodule which expands. brain absceses may occur |
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Term
|
Definition
systemic infection by histoplasma capsulatum
white fluffy mold, survives in macrophages
asymptomatic and self limited
endemic in ohio, mississippi, missouri from bird manure |
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Term
|
Definition
systemic infection by blastomyces dermatitidis via the lungs
branching hyphae at right angles
yeast with thick cell walls, highly refractle and multinucleated
reproduce by single bud with broad base
endemic in southeast and central
manifests as pleuritic chest pain |
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Term
| Coccidioides Immitis/psoadasii |
|
Definition
systemic fungal lung infection
usually inapparent, cough chest pain, pulomany nodules
identify spherule for diagnosis or use specific antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
systemic fungal infection common by Paracoccidoides Brasiliensis in latin america causing pulmonary disease with ulcerative lesions in oral and nasal cavity, dry cough
characteristic translucent double-contoured cell wall
Multiple Budding
detection by Delayed type hypersensitivity test
macrophages are major defense |
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Term
|
Definition
opportunistic candidiasis infection of mouth
prevalent when inhaled steroids |
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Term
|
Definition
| opportunistic fungal infection seen in diabetes pregnancy and antibiotic therapy in women |
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Term
| chronic mucocutaneious candidiasis |
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Definition
opportunistic fungal infection of skin hair nails and mucos by candida
associated with immunological disorder
major immune defect is failure of T-lymphcytes
generally starts infancy with thrush |
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Term
|
Definition
predisposing factors for opportunistic fungal infection: noplasm, burn patient, organ transplant, low birth weight
kidney, brain, myocardium and eye usually involved |
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Term
|
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection causing morbidity and mortality
grows quickly with lightly pigmented hyphae that branch at right angles
can grow as solid mass in pulmonary cavity (assoc. emphysema, TB), ear, nails, eye or cerebrum |
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Term
| Rhizopus/absidia/mucormycosis |
|
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection with special affinity for blood vessels, thrombosis (Rhizopus)
often seen in T2D
characteristic broad aseptate hyphae branching at right angles |
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Term
|
Definition
Non dimorphic opportunistic fungal pulmonary/systemic infection by cryptococcus neoformans
predilection for the nervous system
produces polysaccharide capsule
INDIA ink is confirmatory test
also produces urease (test)
can remain dormant |
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