Term
| Obligatory intracellular parasites |
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Definition
| Viruses can only reproduce inside cells. Outside, they are metabolically inert virions. Hijacks cell's TXN and TLN mechanisms to express early, middle, and late genes |
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Term
| Contain DNA or RNA (not both!) |
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Definition
| It can be ss or ds, circular or linear, and some genomes are multisegmented |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribosomes or any ATP-generating mechanism |
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Term
| Viruses contain a protein coat called a |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of viruses |
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Definition
| Some enclosed by envelope, some may have spikes. Most viruses infect only specific types of cells in one host (called tissue tropism) |
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Term
| Host range is determined by |
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Definition
| SPECIFIC host attachment sites and cellular factors. Some viruses carry specialized enzymes within their capsids |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA genetic material) |
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Term
| Taxonomy of viruses: family names end in |
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Definition
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Term
| Taxonomy of viruses: genus names end in |
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Definition
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Term
Taxonomy of viruses:
Viral species |
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Definition
| A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche (host). Common name =species, subspecies= number |
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Term
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Definition
| Living cells. Bacteriophages form plaques on lawn of bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| May be grown in living animals or in embryonated eggs, or in cell cultures. Continuous cell lines |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common shape. Icosahedron= 20 triangular sides at 12 points |
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Term
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Definition
| Small subunits that make up capsid |
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Term
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Definition
| Has layers of protein or "several protein coats" |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathologic, degenerative changes in cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Detect antibodies against viruses in a patient. Use antibodies to ID viruses in neutralization tests, viral hemagglutination, and Western blot |
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Term
The lytic cycle:
Attachment |
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Definition
| Phage attaches by tail fibers to host cell |
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Term
The lytic cycle:
Penetration |
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Definition
| Phage lysozyme opens cell wall |
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Term
The lytic cycle:
Biosynthesis |
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Definition
| Production of phage DNA and proteins |
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Term
The lytic cycle:
Maturation |
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Definition
| Assembly of phage particles |
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Term
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Definition
| Phage lysozyme breaks cell wall (kills it) |
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Term
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Definition
| Phage causes lysis and death of host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Prophage DNA incorporated in host DNA. Phage conversion. Specialized transduction |
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Term
| Multiplication of Animal viruses |
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Definition
| Attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, release |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses attach to cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| By viral or host enzymes- removal of coat |
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Term
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Definition
| Production of Nucleic acid and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid and capsid proteins assemble |
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Term
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Definition
| By budding (enveloped viruses) or rupture |
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Term
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Definition
| Transform normal cells into cancerous cells |
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Term
| Cancer: Transformed cells |
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Definition
| Have increased growth, loss of contact inhibition, tumor-specific transplant antigens, and T antigens. Genetic material of oncogenic viruses becomes integrated into the host cell's DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Viruses may contribute to 15% of all human cancers
Viruses alter growth properties of human cells by triggering expression of oncogenes or disrupting tumor-suppressing genes |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenoviridae, herpesvirudae, poxviridae, papoviridae, hepadnaviridae |
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Term
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Definition
| Retroviridae, viral RNA is transcribed to DNA which can integrate into host DNA. HTLV-1, HTLV-2 |
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Term
| Latent and persistent viral infections |
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Definition
| -Virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods. Ex) cold sores |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteinaceous infectious particle. Inherited and transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments |
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Term
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Definition
PrPc: normal cellular prion protein, on cell surface
PrPsc: scrapie protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Enter through wounds or via insects |
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Term
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Definition
| Infectious RNA. Ex) potato spindle tuber disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny naked molecules of circular RNA. Resemble introns of rRNA genes. 200-400 nucleotides long. Resistant to degradation. Cause disease in plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses. 5th disease. Anemia in immunocompromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
| Double-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses. Respiratory infectious in humans, tumors in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| (polyomaviridae) cause rumors, some cause cancer |
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Term
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Definition
Double stranded DNA. Enveloped
Orthopoxvirus (vaccinia and smallpox viruses) molluscipoxvirus. Cause small pox, molluscum contagiosum, cowpox |
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Term
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Definition
Double-stranded DNA, enveloped viruses. (HHV-1-8). Some herpes viruses can remain latent in host cells.
Cause a variety of diseases: Fever blisters, chickenpox, shingles, infectious mononucleosis |
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Term
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Definition
Double stranded DNA, enveloped
Hep B is example
Use reverse transcriptase- replicate through RNA intermediate |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, strand, nonenveloped.
Enterovirus:poliovirus and coxsackievirus
Rhinovirus: causes common cold
Hep A |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, strand, nonenveloped
Hep E
Norovirus causes gastroenteritis |
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Term
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Definition
Single-stranded RNA, strand, enveloped
Alphavirus- transmitted by Arthropods, includes EEE and WEE
Rubivirus (rubella virus) |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, strand, enveloped.
Arboviruses can replicate in Arthropods. Can cause yellow fever, dengue, st Louis and west Nile encephalitis
Hep C |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, strand, enveloped
-Upper respiratory infections
-Coronavirus
-SARS |
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Term
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Definition
Single-stranded RNA. - strand
-vesiculovirus
-Lyssavirus (rabies)
-cause numerous animal diseases |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, - strand
Filovirus
Enveloped helical virus
Ebola and Marburg viruses
Cause hemorrhagic fevers |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, - strand
Paramyxovirus
Morbilivirus
Parainfluenza
Mumps
Newcastle disease |
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Term
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Definition
Single-stranded RNA, - strand, one RNA strand
Hep D
Depends on confection with hepadnavirus |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, - strand, multiple RNA strands
Envelope spikes can agglutinate RBCs
Influenza A and B and C |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, - strand, multiple RNA strands
Bunyavirus
Hantavirus-causes pulmonary syndrome first identified in 1993 in the American Southwest |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, - strand, multiple RNA strands
Helical capsids contain RNA-containing granules, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, VEE, lassa fever |
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Term
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Definition
Single stranded RNA, 2 RNA strands, produce DNA
Use reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from viral genome. HIV
Oncogenic viruses-includes all RNA tumor viruses |
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Term
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Definition
Double-stranded RNA, nonenveloped
Reovirus(respiratory enteric orphan)
Rotavirus(mild respiratory infections and gastroenteritis)
Colorado tick fever |
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