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Mic Thoery Midterm
things to know for the mic theory midterm at fullsail university
41
Art/Design
Undergraduate 2
05/10/2011

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Term
Striking
Definition
to "tear down" the assembling of the microphone and stand...
Term
2 ways to wrap a cable
Definition
Over and Under
Over and Over
Term
Microphone
Definition
Greek word coined by Wheatstone... "Micro" means small and "Phon" means sound...
Term
Transducer
Definition
converts pressure waves to varying electrical signals... (acoustic energy into electrical energy)
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
where the sound waves hit and get put into motion...
Term
5 common mic transducers
Definition
-carbon -ceramic/crystal -magnetic/dynamic
-ribbon -condenser
Term
Active Transducers
Definition
Condenser and Carbon (need outside power)
Term
Passive Transducers
Definition
Ceramic, Magnetic, and Ribbon (power themselves)
Term
Carbon Microphones
Definition
(aka resistance mics) oldest/diaphragm is mounted in a "cup" which contains carbon granules/electrical current is passed through these granules to be compressed and released
Term
Crystal/Ceramic Microphones
Definition
operate off of the "Piezoelectric effect" which means to press/ the electrical voltage will be created when the piezoelectric material is subjected to mechanical stress/ commonly used in acoustic guitar pickups
Term
Dynamic/Magnetic Microphones
Definition
also called electrodynamic and electromagnetic mics/ discovered by Michael Faraday/ the diaphragm are typically dome shaped/ most common
Term
Ribbon Microphones
Definition
has a transducer similar to a dynamic microphone/also operates under Faraday's Law/ has a flat thin strip of metal/ delicate mics
Term
Condenser Microphones
Definition
also called capacitor/ developed by Bell Labs by E.C Wente but mass produced by Georg Neumann/ operates with 2 metal plates that are parallel with each plate holding an opposing charge/ require a preamp/ diaphragm constructed by thin metal or thing plastic coated with gold/nickel
Term
Faraday's Law (EQUATION)
Definition
e=Blv ... e = electro magnetic force (in volts) / B = magnetic field strength/ l = the length of the conductor/ v = the velocity of the conductor moving through the magnetic field
Term
Faraday's Law states that...
Definition
moving a conductor (coil of wire) through a magnetic field will cause a voltage to be induced across the conductor.
Term
Polar patterns
Definition
A plot that describes the sensitivity of a microphone to sounds arriving from any direction over a 360 degree range.
Term
On Axis
Definition
sounds that arrive at 0 degrees position relative to the microphone
Term
Off Axis
Definition
sounds that arrive from angles other than 0 degrees position relative to the microphone
Term
2 PURE Polar Patterns...
Definition
Omni-Directional and Bi-Directional
Term
Omnidirectional
Definition
equal sensitivity to sounds from all directions... natural pattern for PRESSURE microphone capsules
Term
Bidirectional
Definition
sensitive to sounds coming from the front and rear... natural pattern for PRESSURE GRADIENT microphone capsules
Term
Proximity effect
Definition
as the distance from the source decreases, microphones with directional polar patterns will exhibit an increase in low frequency response... as you move the mic further away from the source, certain frequencies (usually low end) will increase
Term
Phase port
Definition
little notches that are designed in the microphone to help keep unwanted frequencies out
Term
Omnidirectional (pertaining to proximity effect)
Definition
has extended low frequency pickup (less proximity effect than directional microphones)
Term
Bidirectional (pertaining to the proximity effect)
Definition
usually very even except at highest frequencies/ more proximity effect than cardioid or hyper-cardioid
Term
Cardioid
Definition
most sensitive to sounds arriving from the front while rejecting sounds from the back
Term
Super Cardioid
Definition
sensitive in a slightly narrower pattern in the front than a cardioid and has a SMALL LOBE IN THE REAR
Term
Hyper Cardioid
Definition
sensitive in a narrower pattern in the fromt than a cardioid and has a PROMINENT LOBE AT THE REAR
Term
Shotgun (Lobar)
Definition
extremely narrow area or sensitivity in front with extended "reach" also has MULTIPLE LOBES which vary in position with frequency
Term
Microphone features...
Definition
PSU's (Power Supply Units) / Tubes / Pads / Roll Offs / Multiple Polar Pattens / Remote changeable polar patterns
Term
Noise
Definition
pertaining to microphone specifications... shows level of "self noise" from a microphones own electronics
Term
Max SPL (Sound Pressure Level)
Definition
pertaining to microphone specifications... shows maximum level possible with a certain amount of measured distortion
Term
Dynamic Range
Definition
pertaining to microphone specifications... shows total dynamic range of the microphones internal pre-amp
Term
Sensitivity
Definition
pertaining to microphone specifications... measured in millivolts per Pascal... Pascal is a sound pressure measurement unit
Term
1 Pascal is equal to...
Definition
= 94 db SPL
Term
A-Weighting
Definition
trying to get a measurement similar to how our hearing works... we would use...
Term
C-Weighting
Definition
overall measurement close to the overall sound level... we would use...
Term
Measurement Mics
Definition
small diaphragm electret condensers, extrememly flat frequency response, omnidirectional pattern...
Term
Pistonphone
Definition
used to calibrate sound pressure measurement devices
Term
Packing
Definition
A method of lightly tapping a Carbon microphone to uncompress the carbon granules
Term
Magnetic Induction
Definition
principle that operates Magnetic/Dynamic/Ribbon microphones
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