Term
|
Definition
| Aquifiae, Thermotogae, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes, Bacterioidetes, Proteobacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genus: Aquifex
Chemolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen, thiosulfate, sulfur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genus: Thermotoga
Chemoheterotroph w/ glycolytic pathway
outer sheath structure (toga)
some can tolerate 5 mil rads, genome destroyed then rebuilt |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus |
|
Definition
Genus: Deinococcus
Spirical or rod-shaped, non-motile, tetrapods
Gram+ but have an outer membrane
Found in fresh water air, ground meat, feces
Lots of Mn(II) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Green Sulfur bacteria
obligate anaerobes
photolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen sulfate, sulfur and hydrogen
chlorosomes to harvest light energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Genus: Chloroflexus
Not all members are photosynthetic, some use sulfur and some don't
offers clues into origin of photosynthesis
deeply branching member of the domain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Largest and most diverse
Gram- various size and morphology
gas vacuoles, phototaxis
eukaryote-like photosynthetic machinery: PS I&II |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Cyanobacteria cont. |
|
Definition
Genus: Anabena
filamentous species form heterocysts
this is where N2 fixation occurs
PSI makes ATP, but PSII is degraded b/c it produces oxygen that deactivates the nitrogenase enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Where are cyanobacteria found? |
|
Definition
Deep in desert rocks, nutrient-laden ponds and lakes, algal blooms
symbiosis: lichens, protozoa, fungi, plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prokaryotes with compartments?? Compartmentalized cells no peptidoglycan
Gemmata obscuriglobus- nucleoid in nuclear body
Brocadia anamoxidan- anammoxosome for anaerobic ammonia
Planctomycetes- has stalk and holdfast
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obligate intracellular parasites: grows within animal cells-therefore limited metabolism - some appear unable to make ATP
Six genera: Chlamydia best studied
Nonmotile, coccoid, 0.2-1.5 um
unique reproduction: elementary and reticulate bodies |
|
|
Term
| Genera that cause disease |
|
Definition
Chlamydial pneumoniae- bronchitis, sinusitis, 50% of humans have antibodies, athersclerosis found in artery plaque
C. trachomatis- serotypes L1-L3, STD, Lymphogranuloma venereum, produces ulcers and then enlarged lymph nodes, if left untreated irreversible fluid accumulation in genitalia
C. trachomatis- serotypes A-C, greatest single cause of blindness, 20 million blinded/year, over expressed in Native American population, inflamed conjunctiva, reinfection and secondary infections can cause scar tissue leading to blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram-, .1-3 by 5-250 um
outer sheath has few proteins making it hard for immune system to attack
found in mud human mouth on protozoa in termite hindguts |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Spirochaetes: Genus Treponema pallidum |
|
Definition
Genus: treponema pallidum causes syphilis
not highly contagious passes from mom to kid in utero
penicillin used in early stages
symptoms: first chancre, then skin rash, hair loss, malaise fever
later untreated stages: cognitive defects, blindness, insanity |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Spirochaetes: Borrelia Burdorferi |
|
Definition
lyme disease
deer tick vector
expanding ring shaped lesions, flu-like symptoms at first then neurological problems, heart inflammation, arthritis, alzheimer's and MS-like symtoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anaerobic, gram-, variable morphology, gliding motility no flagella and no movement in liquid, slime trails, low nutrient stimulated
found in oral cavity intestinal tract, rumen
Genus: Bacteroides 30% of bacteria in human feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diverse group
gram-, photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs, chemoheterotrophs
5 classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon |
|
|
Term
| Phylum Proteobacteria: Class α |
|
Definition
oligotrophs, important in agriculture
some can fix N2 and some cause plant disease
members: purple non-sulfur bacteria, anoxygenic photosynthesis, cysts form when nutrients become limiting but not as resistant as endospores |
|
|
Term
Phylum Protobacteria: Class α
Members |
|
Definition
Rickettsia
Caulobacter
Hypomicrobium
Rhizobium
Agrobacterium
Nitrobacter |
|
|
Term
Phylum Protobacteria: Class β
Members
|
|
Definition
Spirillum
Bordetella
Neiseria
Burkholderia
Thiobacillus |
|
|
Term
Phylum Protobacteria: Class γ
Members
|
|
Definition
Orders:
Chomatiales
Pseudomonales
Vibronales
Enterobacteriales |
|
|
Term
Phylum Protobacteria: Class Delta
Members
|
|
Definition
Bdellovibrio
Order: Myxococcales
Myxococcus- eat other bacteria, move by gliding, forms multicellular fruiting bodies
Desulfovibrio- turns sediments black, anaerobic sediments, reduce S or SO4 to produce H2S then H2S reacts with Fe to form black FeS |
|
|
Term
Phylum Protobacteria: Class ε
Members
|
|
Definition
Order: Camyplobacter
Campylobacter- food borne diarrhea, spontaneous abortion in animals
Helicobacter- Ulcers, H. Pylori
Nautilaceae- Filamentous
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class alpha of proteobacteria
Gram-, obligate intracellular parasites, insect vector, induces phagocytosis in cell
Rocky Mountain fever(R. rickettsii)
Epidemic (louse borne) typhus (R. prowazekii)
Endemic (Murine) typhus (R. typhi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
low nutrient environment such as lakes, no binary fission but instead budding like yeast, prosthecae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class alpha of proteobacteria
methyltroph, grows in media w/o added carbon, divides by budding produces hypha then the nucleoid moves into the hypha and it buds off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
nodules in roots for N2 fixation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
plant pathogen cause crown gall in woody plants by injecting its plasmid into plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
member of class alpha of proteobacteria
often chemolithoautotrophic, NH4 into NO2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
spiral, polar flagella, no axial filament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
bacillus causes pertussis/whooping cough Bordetella pertusis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nesseria meningitides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
polar flagellum, wide variety of carbon sources (jet fuel), grows in disinfectants, leads to cystic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
chemoautotroph, oxidizes sulfur, grows in pH 0.5 - acid mine drainage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class gamma of proteobacteria
purple sulfur bacteria, photoautolithotrophs: oxidizes H2S, grows in no oxygen sulfide rich sediments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
pseudomonas- bacillus, common in soil- aeruginosa produces pigments, fluorescens produces fluoresces, can feed on jet fuel and disinfectants, convert NO3 to N2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria, order pseudomonales
Nitrogen fixers
dont live in nodules
free living |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
Vibrio- aquatic, curved rods- V. cholera: characterized by 10-15 L of fluid loss, rice water stool, no treatment 50% mortality
V. parahaemolyticus: gastroenteritis, raw shellfish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
1 Family: enterobacteracae- facultative anaerobes, straight rods, important in clinical setting (used to determine water cont. using API 20E in our gut)
Genus: escherichia: indicates fecal contamination, rarely fatal except for 0157:H7
Genus: Salmonella: all potentially pathogenic, cattle/chicken intestinal tract, all single species, typhoid fever |
|
|
Term
| Order: enterobacteriales (several other disease causing genera) |
|
Definition
Shigella: only in humans
Klebsiella- pneumonia
serratia- cathether colonization
haemophilus- does not cause flu, rather meningitis, ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia
yersinia pestis- black death black plague |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
class delta of proteobacteria
predator, swims 10x faster/rams, e. coli predator not parasite! |
|
|
