Term
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Definition
| A simple, routine matter for which a manager has an established decision rule. |
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Term
Ch10
Nonprogrammed Decision |
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Definition
| A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A logical, step-by-step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| A theory that suggests that there are limits to how rational a decision maker can actually be. |
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Term
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Definition
| A timely decision that meets a desired objective and is acceptable to those individuals affected by it. |
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Term
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Definition
| To select the first alternative that is "good enough", because the costs in time and effort are too great to optimize. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity. |
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Term
Ch10
Escalation of Commitment |
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Definition
| The tendency to continue to support a failing course of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual's preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fast, positive force in decision making that is utilized at a level below consciousness and involves learned patterns of information. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process influenced by individual and organizational factors that results in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| A positive force that occurs in groups when group members stimulate new solutions to problems through the process of mutual influence and encouragement within the group. |
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Term
Ch10
Social Decision Schemes |
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Definition
| Simple rules used to determine final group decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement resulting from pressures within the group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for group discussion to produce shifts toward more extreme attitudes among members. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique for generating as many ideas as possible on a given subject, while suspending evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested. |
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Term
Ch10
Nominal Group Technique |
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Definition
| A structured approach to group decision making that focuses on generating alternatives and choosing one. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique for preventing groupthink in which a group or individual is given the role of critic during decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| A debate between two opposing sets of recommendations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small group of employees who work voluntarily on company time, typically one hour per week, to address work-related problems such as quality control, cost reduction, production planning and techniques, and even product design. |
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Term
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Definition
| A team that is part of an organization's structure and is empowered to act on its decisions regarding product and service quality. |
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Term
Ch10
Participative Decision Making |
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Definition
| Decision making in which individuals who are affected by decisions influence the making of those decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to influence another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of affecting the thoughts, behavior, and feelings of another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right to influence another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The range in which attempts to influence a person will be perceived as legitimate and will be acted on without a great deal of thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power based on an agent's ability to control rewards that a target wants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power that is based on an agent's ability to cause an unpleasant experience for a target. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power that is based on position and mutual agreement; agent and target agree that the agent has the right to influence the target. |
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Term
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Definition
| An elusive power that is based on interpersonal attraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The power that exists when an agent has specialized knowledge or skills that the target needs. |
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Term
Ch11
Strategic Contingencies |
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Definition
| Activities that other groups depend on in order to complete their tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Access to and control over important information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power used for personal gain. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to understanding a leader's or manager's concern for results (production) and concern for people. |
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Term
Ch12
Organization Man Manager (5,5) |
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Definition
| A middle-of-the-road leader. |
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Term
Ch12
Authority-Compliance Manager (1,9) |
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Definition
| A leader who emphasizes efficient production. |
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Term
Ch12
Country Club Manager (1,9) |
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Definition
| A leader who has great concern for people and little concern for production, attempts to avoid conflict, and seeks to be well liked. |
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Term
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Definition
| A leader who builds a highly productive team of committed people. |
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Term
Ch12
Impoverished Manager (1,1) |
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Definition
| A leader who exerts just enough effort to get by. |
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Term
Ch12
Paternalistic "father knows best" Manager (9+9) |
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Definition
| A leader who promises reward and threatens punishment. |
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Term
Ch12
Opportunistic "what's in it for me" Manager (OpP) |
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Definition
| A leader who uses whichever style will maximize self-benefit. |
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Term
Ch12
Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) |
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Definition
| The single person a leader has least preferred to work with. |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree of clarity, or ambiguity, in the work activities assigned to the group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The authority associated with the leader's formal position in the organization. |
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Term
Ch12
Leader-Member Relations |
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Definition
| The quality of interpersonal relationships among a leader and the group members. |
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Term
Ch12
Charismatic Leadership |
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Definition
| A leader;s use of personal abilities and talents in order to have profound and extraordinary effects on followers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of being guided and directed by a leader in the work environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of guiding and directing the behavior of people in the work environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Officially sanctioned leadership based on the authority of a formal position. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unofficial leadership accorded to a person by other members of the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| An advocate for change and new approaches to problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An advocate for stability and the status quo. |
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Term
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Definition
| A style of leadership in which the leader uses strong, directive actions to control the rules, regulations, activities, and relationships in the work place. |
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Term
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Definition
| A style of leadership in which the leader uses interaction and collaboration with followers to direct the work and work environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A style of leadership in which the leadership has a hands-off approach. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader behavior aimed at defining and organizing work relationships and roles, as well as establishing clear patterns of organization, communication, and ways of getting things done. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leader behavior aimed at nurturing friendly, warm working relationships, as well as encouraging mutual trust and interpersonal respect within the work unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Power used to create motivation or to accomplish group goals. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Ch11
Organizational Politics |
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Definition
| The use of power and influence in organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to get things done through favorable interpersonal relationships outside of formally prescribed organizational mechanisms, |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet one's personal goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharing power in such a way that individuals learn to believe in their ability to do the job. |
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Term
Ch13
Functional Conflict-
Dysfunctional Conflict- |
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Definition
Functional-A healthy, constructive disagreement between two or more people.
Dys- An unhealthy, destructive disagreement between two or more people. |
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Term
Ch13
Jurisdictional Ambiguity |
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Definition
| The presence of unclear lines of responsibility within an organization. |
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Term
Ch13
Inter-organizational Conflict-
Inter-group Conflict-
Intra-group Conflict-
Intra-personal Conflict-
Inter-role Conflict-
Intra-role Conflict-
Person-role Conflict-
Inter-personal Conflict- |
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Definition
Inter-Org- occurs between 2+ organizations
Inter-Group- between groups or teams in an organizations
Intra-Group- occurs within groups or teams
Intra-Personal- occurs within an individual
Inter-Role- A person's experience of conflict among the multiple roles in his own life.
Intra-Role- within a single role, such as when a person receives conflicting messages from role senders about how to perform a certain role.
Person-Role- when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his personal values.
Inter-Personal- between two or more individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggressive mechanism in which an individual keeps up a dysfunctional behavior that obviously will not solve the conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggressive mechanism in which an individual directs his anger towards someone who is not the source of the conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| An aggressive mechanism in which a person responds with pessimism to any attempt at solving a problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compromise mechanism in which an individual attempts to make up for a negative situation by devoting himself to another pursuit with increased vigor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compromise mechanism whereby an individual patterns his behavior after another's. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compromise mechanism characterized by trying to justify one's behavior by constructing bogus reasons for it. |
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Term
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Definition
| A withdrawal mechanism that entails physically escaping (flight) or psychologically escaping (withdrawal) a conflict. |
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Term
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Definition
| A withdrawal mechanism in which emotional conflicts are expressed in physical symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A withdrawal mechanism that provides an escape from a conflict through daydreaming. |
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Term
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Definition
| Doing nothing in hopes that a conflict will disappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attempting to hide a conflict or an issue that has the potential to create a conflict. |
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Term
Ch13
Administrative Orbiting |
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Definition
| Delaying action on a conflict by buying time. |
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Term
Ch13
Due Process Nonaction |
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Definition
| A procedure set up to address conflicts that is so costly, time consuming, or personally risky that no one will use it. |
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Term
Ch13
Character Assassination |
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Definition
| An attempt to label or discredit an opponent. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organizational goal that is more important to both parties in a conflict than their individual or group goals. |
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