Term
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Definition
| the process of influencing public officials to support or oppose legislation, or the public to support or oppose legislation or political candidates |
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Term
| how much money is spent on lobbying each year? |
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Definition
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Term
| who are some active lobbyists? |
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Definition
| businesses and their associations; labor unions; non-business professionals; special interest groups |
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Term
| who are among those who spend heavily on lobbying? |
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Definition
| pharmaceutical, oil and financial industries |
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Term
| at what level of govenment does lobbying occur? |
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Definition
| @ ALL levels (local, state and national) |
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Term
| where lobbying is directed depends on: |
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Definition
| issues of importance and the extent of lobbying resources available |
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Term
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Definition
| political action committee |
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Term
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Definition
| instruments through which business and other groups of like-minded people raise money to donate to political candidates in order to influence political outcomes and decisions |
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Term
T or F:
PAC donations are a form of lobbying |
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Definition
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Term
T or F:
Corporate-affiliated PAC's may only solicit contributions from executives, shareholders, and their famlies; while union-affilited PAC's may only solicit contributions from members |
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Definition
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Term
| coalition building refers to: |
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Definition
| groups joining forces to achieve common goals |
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Term
T or F:
Coalition building is less important when power is dispersed among many interest groups, as it is today
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Definition
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Term
| lobbyists are increasingly forming coalitions with other to coordinate their lobbying on ________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
T or F:
lobbyists do not gain access to key legislators and communicate sentiments on client issues |
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Definition
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Term
| lobbyists __________ legislation and protect firms against surprises |
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Definition
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Term
| lobbyists establish communications channels with __________ bodies (administrative agencies) |
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Definition
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Term
| lobbyists provide ________ _________ on anticipated effects of legislative activity and influence legislation with: (3 things) |
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Definition
issue papers
draft legislation, ad campaigns and direct-mail campaigns |
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Term
| lobbyists __________ companies in coalition building around issues |
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Definition
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Term
| lobbyists help members of congress get ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st organizational level of lobbying |
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Definition
| umbrella organizations with broad representation |
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Term
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Definition
represent multiple industries, "business interests" in general
ex: chamber of commerce |
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Term
| 2nd organizational level of lobbying |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
midrange representation - represent firms in an industry who pay membership dues
ex: national automobile dealers association |
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Term
| 3rd organizational level of lobbying: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
narrow/specific representation of one company (ex: walmart, microsoft or delta)
use informal executive lobbying as well as professional lobbyists - many businesses located in Washington - 3rd largest high-tech hub |
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Term
| benefits of company level lobbying |
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Definition
| use of this type of lobbying offers the firm more control of content, but is more expensive than participation in lobbying through trade or umbrella organizations |
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Term
T or F:
Typically the higher the organizational level of lobbying, the more problems in reaching consensus on priorities and even positions
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Definition
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Term
| the chamber of commerce is a(n) __________ organization which has achieved |
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Definition
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Term
T or F
Grassroots lobbying can be very effective. |
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Definition
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Term
| special interest groups often use __________ ________ to influence votes on candidates prior to elections |
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Definition
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Term
| Coalition building is important because of the ____________ of power among the many speicla interest groups that are lobbying |
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Definition
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Term
| Coalition building is very important because of the _____________ of Congress and the resulting need to lobby more members |
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Definition
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Term
| How many PAC's are officially registered by the Federal Election Committee? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest subgroup of PAC's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dependence on donated money has increased along with public __________ of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| recent national survey found that more that twice as many people believe that PAC's are a __________, __ ___________ __ ____________, aspect of the political process |
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Definition
| negative, as opposed to positive |
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Term
| what is the golden rule of politics? |
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Definition
| "He who has the gold, rules." |
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Term
T or F:
PACs are an exercise of free speech |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fund provided by Congress that specify a recipient of location, or are so specific that only one recipient can qualify |
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Term
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Definition
| money dedicated to candidates or political parties that is regulated and limited by the Federal Election Commission |
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Term
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Definition
| money donated to political parites in a way that left the contribution unregulated prior ro the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act |
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Term
| what is the bipartisan campaign reform act? |
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Definition
| based on the right to free speech, banned soft money to national political parties and prevented special interest groups from airing "issue ads" within a certain period before the election |
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